An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere

Douglas P. Drob; John T. Emmert; John W. Meriwether; Jonathan J. Makela; Eelco Doornbos; Mark Conde; Gonzalo Hernández; John Noto; Katherine A. Zawdie; Sarah E. McDonald; Joe D. Huba; Jeff H. Klenzing

doi:10.1002/2014ea000089

journal article Open Access Jul 01, 2015

An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere

Douglas P. Drob John T. Emmert John W. Meriwether Jonathan J. Makela

Eelco Doornbos

Mark Conde Gonzalo Hernández John Noto Katherine A. Zawdie Sarah E. McDonald Joe D. Huba Jeff H. Klenzing

Earth and Space Science Vol. 2 No. 7 pp. 301-319 · American Geophysical Union (AGU)

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/2014ea000089

Abstract

The Horizontal Wind Model (HWM) has been updated in the thermosphere with new observations and formulation changes. These new data are ground‐based 630 nm Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI) measurements in the equatorial and polar regions, as well as cross‐track winds from the Gravity Field and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite. The GOCE wind observations provide valuable wind data in the twilight regions. The ground‐based FPI measurements fill latitudinal data gaps in the prior observational database. Construction of this reference model also provides the opportunity to compare these new measurements. The resulting update (HWM14) provides an improved time‐dependent, observationally based, global empirical specification of the upper atmospheric general circulation patterns and migrating tides. In basic agreement with existing accepted theoretical knowledge of the thermosphere general circulation, additional calculations indicate that the empirical wind specifications are self‐consistent with climatological ionosphere plasma distribution and electric field patterns.

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Details

Published: Jul 01, 2015
Vol/Issue: 2(7)
Pages: 301-319
License: View

Authors

D

Douglas P. Drob

Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA

J

John T. Emmert

Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA

J

John W. Meriwether

Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA

J

Jonathan J. Makela

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA

E

Eelco Doornbos

Department of Earth Observation and Space Systems Technical University Delft Delft Netherlands

M

Mark Conde

Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA

G

Gonzalo Hernández

Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA; Deceased 15 July 2014

J

John Noto

Scientific Solutions Inc. Chelmsford Massachusetts USA

K

Katherine A. Zawdie

Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA

S

Sarah E. McDonald

Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA

J

Joe D. Huba

Plasma Physics Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA

J

Jeff H. Klenzing

Space Weather Laboratory Goddard Spaceflight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA

Funding

ESAs Support-To-Science Element

Cite This Article

Douglas P. Drob, John T. Emmert, John W. Meriwether, et al. (2015). An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere. Earth and Space Science, 2(7), 301-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014ea000089

An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere

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