Microwave‐assisted fractionation and functionalization of technical lignin toward thermoset resins

Alessio Truncali; Iuliana Ribca; Jenevieve Yao; Minna Hakkarainen; Mats K. G. Johansson

doi:10.1002/app.54645

journal article Open Access Sep 04, 2023

Microwave‐assisted fractionation and functionalization of technical lignin toward thermoset resins

Alessio Truncali

Iuliana Ribca Jenevieve Yao

Minna Hakkarainen

Mats K. G. Johansson

Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 140 No. 45 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/app.54645

Abstract

AbstractLignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer, with a potential to serve as a building block of rigid and thermally stable bio‐based materials. However, it is still underutilized because of the heterogeneous and not fully understood chemical structure. Here, technical softwood Kraft lignin is refined in to narrow‐dispersity and relatively low molar mass fractions by microwave‐assisted processing, followed by microwave‐assisted allylation and further application in lignin‐based thermosets. This microwave processing is carried out under non‐catalyzed conditions using a low boiling point solvent and elevated pressure. The properties of the retrieved fractions are investigated by 31P‐NMR, heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy‐NMR, SEC, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The extraction yield of the selected lignin fraction is around 25%, with the number‐average molar mass (Mn), weight‐average molar mass (Mw), and dispersity (Đ) significantly reduced. The chemically modified lignin is characterized by 31P NMR and FTIR, which provides evidence of the introduction of the allyl moieties. The analyses demonstrate that 90 ± 3% of the hydroxyl groups in fractionated lignin are successfully allylated. Subsequently, the allylated lignin is cross‐linked through thermally induced thiol‐ene chemistry to produce lignin‐based thermosets. The final thermosets exhibit a storage modulus of 4050 ± 60 MPa and a Tg of 105 ± 5°C.

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Details

Published: Sep 04, 2023
Vol/Issue: 140(45)
License: View

Authors

A

Alessio Truncali

Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden; Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

I

Iuliana Ribca

Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden; Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

J

Jenevieve Yao

Division of Polymer Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

M

Minna Hakkarainen

Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden; Division of Polymer Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

M

Mats K. G. Johansson

Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden; Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Cite This Article

Alessio Truncali, Iuliana Ribca, Jenevieve Yao, et al. (2023). Microwave‐assisted fractionation and functionalization of technical lignin toward thermoset resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 140(45). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.54645

Microwave‐assisted fractionation and functionalization of technical lignin toward thermoset resins

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