Phthalimide as a versatile pharmacophore scaffold: Unlocking its diverse biological activities

Guilherme F. S. Fernandes; Juliana R. Lopes; Jean L. Dos Santos; Cauê B. Scarim

doi:10.1002/ddr.22094

journal article Jul 26, 2023

Phthalimide as a versatile pharmacophore scaffold: Unlocking its diverse biological activities

Guilherme F. S. Fernandes Juliana R. Lopes

Jean L. Dos Santos Cauê B. Scarim

Drug Development Research Vol. 84 No. 7 pp. 1346-1375 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/ddr.22094

Abstract

AbstractPhthalimide, a pharmacophore exhibiting diverse biological activities, holds a prominent position in medicinal chemistry. In recent decades, numerous derivatives of phthalimide have been synthesized and extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of health conditions. This comprehensive review highlights the latest developments in medicinal chemistry, specifically focusing on phthalimide‐based compounds that have emerged within the last decade. These compounds showcase promising biological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐Alzheimer, antiepileptic, antischizophrenia, antiplatelet, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. The physicochemical profiles of the phthalimide derivatives were carefully analyzed using the online platform pkCSM, revealing the remarkable versatility of this scaffold. Therefore, this review emphasizes the potential of phthalimide as a valuable scaffold for the development of novel therapeutic agents, providing avenues for the exploration and design of new compounds.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

146

[1]

10.1080/14756366.2020.1722120

[2]

10.3390/molecules26185482

[3]

10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.060

[4]

10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.039

[5]

10.2174/157488512800389164

[6]

10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.005

[7]

10.2174/1570179417666200325124712

[8]

10.4103/1735-5362.327505

[9]

10.3390/antibiotics9050224

[10]

10.1186/s13065-018-0442-1

[11]

10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00558-7

[12]

10.1186/s40543-019-0177-1

[13]

10.4103/1735-5362.272562

[14]

10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.07.006

[15]

10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.054

[16]

10.2174/0929867328666210623143526

[17]

10.3390/ijms20010028

[18]

10.18231/j.ctppc.2021.007

[19]

10.3390/ph4111450

[20]

10.1039/c8md00237a

[21]

10.1080/14756366.2017.1316494

[22]

10.1007/s00044-019-02371-z

[23]

10.1016/j.chom.2016.12.004

[24]

10.2174/1568026617666170414145508

[25]

10.3390/molecules26216380

[26]

10.3390/biom9090446

[27]

10.3390/ijms22094318

[28]

10.3390/molecules25173868

[29]

10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.037

[30]

10.3390/molecules26195869

[31]

10.22038/ijbms.2017.8586

[32]

10.1007/s00436-018-5897-4

[33]

10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105548

[34]

10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104819

[35]

10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00895

[36]

10.2174/092986711795656117

[37]

10.1021/jm300602n

[38]

10.1021/jm200531f

[39]

10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.042

[40]

10.3390/polym13111859

[41]

10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.014

[42]

10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.063

[43]

10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.034

[44]

10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103115

[45]

10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb01521.x

[46]

10.1586/17474086.2014.966074

[47]

10.4049/jimmunol.0900173

[48]

10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16308-3

[49]

10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.010

[50]

10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116393

Showing 50 of 146 references

Cited By

30

N-substituted phthalimide–carboxylic acid hybrids as dual-targeted aldose reductase inhibitors: Synthesis, mechanistic insights, and cancer-relevant profiling

Blinera Zognjani, Arleta Rifati Nixha · 2025

Bioorganic Chemistry

Phthalimide–benzoic acid hybrids as potent aldose reductase inhibitors: Synthesis, enzymatic kinetics, and in silico characterization

Dafina Hoti, Arleta Rifati Nixha · 2025

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistr...

Metrics

30

Citations

146

References

Details

Published: Jul 26, 2023
Vol/Issue: 84(7)
Pages: 1346-1375
License: View

Authors

G

Guilherme F. S. Fernandes

Department of Chemistry University College London (UCL) London UK

J

Juliana R. Lopes

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil

J

Jean L. Dos Santos

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil

C

Cauê B. Scarim

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil

Funding

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Cite This Article

Guilherme F. S. Fernandes, Juliana R. Lopes, Jean L. Dos Santos, et al. (2023). Phthalimide as a versatile pharmacophore scaffold: Unlocking its diverse biological activities. Drug Development Research, 84(7), 1346-1375. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.22094

Phthalimide as a versatile pharmacophore scaffold: Unlocking its diverse biological activities

You May Also Like