A demographic model for sex ratio evolution and the effects of sex‐biased offspring costs

Esther Shyu; Hal Caswell

doi:10.1002/ece3.1902

journal article Open Access Feb 09, 2016

A demographic model for sex ratio evolution and the effects of sex‐biased offspring costs

Esther Shyu Hal Caswell

Ecology and Evolution Vol. 6 No. 5 pp. 1470-1492 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/ece3.1902

Abstract

AbstractThe evolution of the primary sex ratio, the proportion of male births in an individual's offspring production strategy, is a frequency‐dependent process that selects against the more common sex. Because reproduction is shaped by the entire life cycle, sex ratio theory would benefit from explicitly two‐sex models that include some form of life cycle structure. We present a demographic approach to sex ratio evolution that combines adaptive dynamics with nonlinear matrix population models. We also determine the evolutionary and convergence stability of singular strategies using matrix calculus. These methods allow the incorporation of any population structure, including multiple sexes and stages, into evolutionary projections. Using this framework, we compare how four different interpretations of sex‐biased offspring costs affect sex ratio evolution. We find that demographic differences affect evolutionary outcomes and that, contrary to prior belief, sex‐biased mortality after parental investment can bias the primary sex ratio (but not the corresponding reproductive value ratio). These results differ qualitatively from the widely held conclusions of previous models that neglect demographic structure.

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Details

Published: Feb 09, 2016
Vol/Issue: 6(5)
Pages: 1470-1492
License: View

Authors

E

Esther Shyu

Biology Department MS‐34 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

H

Hal Caswell

Biology Department MS‐34 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 USA; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

Funding

National Science Foundation Award: 1122374

European Research Council Award: 322989

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Cite This Article

Esther Shyu, Hal Caswell (2016). A demographic model for sex ratio evolution and the effects of sex‐biased offspring costs. Ecology and Evolution, 6(5), 1470-1492. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1902

A demographic model for sex ratio evolution and the effects of sex‐biased offspring costs

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