Neurochemical regulation of the expression and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes

Dongyang Li; Xiaoyu Liu; Tianming Liu; Haitao Liu; Li Tong; Shuwei Jia; Yu‐Feng Wang

doi:10.1002/glia.23734

journal article Oct 18, 2019

Neurochemical regulation of the expression and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes

Dongyang Li

Xiaoyu Liu

Tianming Liu

Haitao Liu

Li Tong Shuwei Jia Yu‐Feng Wang

Glia Vol. 68 No. 5 pp. 878-897 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/glia.23734

Abstract

AbstractGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a type III intermediate filament, is a marker of mature astrocytes. The expression of GFAP gene is regulated by many transcription factors (TFs), mainly Janus kinase‐2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 cascade and nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cell signaling. GFAP expression is also modulated by protein kinase and other signaling molecules that are elicited by neuronal activity and hormones. Abnormal expression of GFAP proteins occurs in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, brain edema‐eliciting diseases, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric disorders and others. GFAP, mainly in α‐isoform, is the major component of cytoskeleton and the scaffold of astrocytes, which is essential for the maintenance of astrocytic structure and shape. GFAP also has highly morphological plasticity because of its quick changes in assembling and polymerizing states in response to environmental challenges. This plasticity and its corresponding cellular morphological changes endow astrocytes the functions of physical barrier between adjacent neurons and stabilizer of extracellular environment. Moreover, GFAP colocalizes and even molecularly associates with many functional molecules. This feature allows GFAP to function as a platform for direct interactions between different molecules. Last, GFAP involves transportation and localization of other functional proteins and thus serves as a protein transport guide in astrocytes. This guiding role of GFAP involves an elastic retraction and extension cytoskeletal network that couples with GFAP reassembling, transporting, and membrane protein recycling machinery. This paper reviews our current understanding of the expression and functions of GFAP as well as their regulation.

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Details

Published: Oct 18, 2019
Vol/Issue: 68(5)
Pages: 878-897
License: View

Authors

D

Dongyang Li