2D and 3D Representations of Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics in Bioconvective Magnetohydrodynamic Flow With Activation Energy Over a Non‐Darcy Porous Regime

ABSTRACT
Bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows with varying transport characteristics are of significant interest due to their applications in energy management, biological engineering, and the environment. The objective of this work is to explore MHD boundary layer flow through a Darcy–Forchheimer permeable medium across a moving horizontal surface involving gyrotactic microorganisms. The novelty of this work accounts for the combined effects of variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, nonuniform heat source, Joule heating, and activation energy. The flow is supposed to be steady, laminar, incompressible, and electrically conducting, determined by Brownian motion and thermophoresis with the Buongiorno model. To simplify the governing equations, suitable similarity variables are used to convert them to a structure of ordinary least squares. The changed equations are numerically cracked using MATLAB's built‐in solver BVP5C. After verifying the computational frame, numerical replications are run to investigate the fluctuation in velocity, temperature, concentration, and density of microbes, as well as numerous other important physical factors. The impacts of major factors are methodically examined and displayed using 2D and 3D graphical representations, as well as tabular data. The results show that increasing the temperature‐dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity parameters reduces the velocity and temperature gradient, respectively. Also, the activation energy amplifies the concentration profile. Our study is consistent with the previously published work. This work enhances our understanding of the composite interaction among flow mechanism, particle movement, and microbial metabolism, which may have significant implications for an extensive variety of technical and biological applications.