journal article Mar 11, 2026

The Effect of Auditory Emotional Design in Digital Game‐Based Learning

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/jcal.70222
Abstract
ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives
The effects of auditory emotional design in digital game‐based learning (DGBL) remain controversial, partly due to differences in emotional valence (e.g., positive vs. neutral). Guided by the Emotional Integration Model in game‐based learning (EmoGBL), this study examines how background music with different emotional valences shapes learners' learning‐related experiences and outcomes.


Methods
This study enlisted 162 university students and randomly assigned them to one of three game‐based learning environment conditions: positive background music, neutral background music, and no background music.


Results and Conclusions
The results demonstrated that positive background music significantly enhanced learners' positive mood. Furthermore, both positive and neutral background music significantly increased learners' engagement, flow, and learning retention scores. A mediating analysis between the background‐music and non‐background‐music groups confirmed the mediating effect and chain‐mediating effect of flow, with engagement and flow experience playing a chain‐mediating role between background music and knowledge retention. Additionally, behavioural logs showed that learners exposed to positive background music exhibited a greater frequency of learning‐related behaviours. Moreover, the analysis of the expression recognition data lent further support to this perspective. This study underscores the potential of positive music as a facilitative element in DGBL.
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
113
[4]
Arcagök S. "The Impact of Game‐Based Teaching Practices in Different Curricula on Academic Achievement" International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (2021)
[14]
Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction

Paul Chandler, John Sweller

Cognition and Instruction 10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2
[18]
Chion M. (1994)
[19]
Digital Games, Design, and Learning

Douglas B. Clark, Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Stephen S. Killingsworth

Review of Educational Research 10.3102/0034654315582065
[20]
Clark R. C. (2010)
[23]
Csikszentmihalyi M. (1990)
[24]
Csikszentmihalyi M. (1997)
[29]
Eseryel D. "An Investigation of the Interrelationships Between Motivation, Engagement, and Complex Problem Solving in Game‐Based Learning" Journal of Educational Technology & Society (2014)
[36]
Grimshaw M. (2010)
[39]
Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning

Juho Hamari, David J. Shernoff, Elizabeth Rowe et al.

Computers in Human Behavior 10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.045
[50]
Joosten T. (2020)

Showing 50 of 113 references

Metrics
0
Citations
113
References
Details
Published
Mar 11, 2026
Vol/Issue
42(2)
License
View
Authors
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China Award: 62107018
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Award: CCNU24JCPT002
Cite This Article
Panpan Li, Caiyan Liu, Zhikeng Wang, et al. (2026). The Effect of Auditory Emotional Design in Digital Game‐Based Learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/jcal.70222