An endless summer: 2018 heat episodes in Europe in the context of secular temperature variability and change

Andreas Hoy; Stephanie Hänsel; Maurizio Maugeri

doi:10.1002/joc.6582

journal article Open Access Apr 15, 2020

An endless summer: 2018 heat episodes in Europe in the context of secular temperature variability and change

Andreas Hoy

Stephanie Hänsel Maurizio Maugeri

International Journal of Climatology Vol. 40 No. 15 pp. 6315-6336 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/joc.6582

Abstract

AbstractThe year 2018 was affected by very long‐lasting, stable summer conditions in vast parts of Europe, in many regions already starting in April and lasting until October. We investigate the thermal characteristics of this year in a secular time perspective, using a spatially well‐distributed dataset of 67 European stations (west of ~30°E) with daily long‐term air temperature observations. Our dataset comprises many of the longest and most reliable (homogenous) temperature measurements available in Europe, mainly starting already in the 19th or rarely even 18th century. Individual time series length is considered to analyse the summer 2018 temperatures into a more than two‐century time perspective, while European time series are presented for the period 1855–2018 and records of five European regions are considered from 1881 onwards. The extreme long duration of the 2018 summer most clearly manifested itself in pronounced new continental maxima of summer half year (April–September) temperature averages and the number of days with maximum temperatures ≥20 and ≥25°C. Furthermore, those indices reached new local maxima at about half of our investigated stations. Records of other temperature indices, rather representing intense heat conditions, were particularly broken in the extended Baltic Sea region, supported by distinct and long‐lasting anticyclonic conditions in this area. However, the extreme summer of 2003 still dominates the ranking of most of these indices on the continental level, even though it is now generally closely followed by summer 2018. We show that long‐term variations of teleconnection indices and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, as well as seasonal and anthropogenic effects, supported both the recent hot summers and the extreme summer of 2018.

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Details

Published: Apr 15, 2020
Vol/Issue: 40(15)
Pages: 6315-6336
License: View

Authors

A

Andreas Hoy

TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Center Freiberg Germany

S

Stephanie Hänsel

TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Center Freiberg Germany; Department Hydrometeorology Deutscher Wetterdienst, Section Climate and Environment Offenbach Germany

M

Maurizio Maugeri

Department of Environmental Science and Policy Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy

Cite This Article

Andreas Hoy, Stephanie Hänsel, Maurizio Maugeri (2020). An endless summer: 2018 heat episodes in Europe in the context of secular temperature variability and change. International Journal of Climatology, 40(15), 6315-6336. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6582

An endless summer: 2018 heat episodes in Europe in the context of secular temperature variability and change

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