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journal article Nov 06, 2017

Dosimetric consequences of gold nanoparticle clustering during photon irradiation

Charles Kirkby ORCID Brandon Koger Natalka Suchowerska David R. McKenzie ORCID
Medical Physics Vol. 44 No. 12 pp. 6560-6569 · Wiley
View at Publisher Save 10.1002/mp.12620
Abstract
PurposeThe radiation dose enhancement caused by introducing gold nanoparticles (GNP) into cells can increase the dose locally absorbed. A disconnect between experimentally determined survival and dose enhancements predicted by Monte Carlo simulations on macroscopic scales, suggests small‐scale energy deposition patterns play an important role in GNP dose enhancement. Clustering of the GNPs could potentially alter small‐scale energy deposition patterns. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to quantify energy deposition patterns in the presence of clustered GNPs and address the question of whether clustering of the nanoparticles affects the energy deposition patterns and ultimately cellular response.MethodsUsing the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code, we examine the absorption of energy in the environment of a single irradiated GNP following its interaction with a set of primary monoenergetic photon beams. We introduce successive GNPs to form a cluster about the particle in which the primary photon interactions occur and report on the energy deposited locally (within a 500 nm radius) and nonlocally (beyond 500 nm) in the surrounding water‐equivalent medium as a function of the number of additional GNPs and the packing geometry they assume.ResultsWhen additional GNPs cluster in tightly packed formations about a GNP in which an incident photon interacts, both the energy deposited locally and released nonlocally are reduced relative to the case where other GNPs are not present. The degree of the reduction depends on incident photon energy, the number of GNPs added to the cluster, and the packing geometry. With 90 additional GNPs in a hexagonal close packing (HCP) cluster about a directly irradiated test particle, the local energy deposition was reduced to 29% (of the value in the absence of neighbors) in the most extreme monoenergetic case. Energy released into the nonlocal volume was most affected by the cluster for low‐incident photon energies (< 40 keV), where reductions to 26% of the value in the absence of a cluster were shown. The packing geometry mitigated these results. When the irradiated GNP was on the periphery of the HCP cluster, or when the cluster was confined to a plane, the observed effects were weaker and when an equal number of GNPs were uniformly distributed in the local volume, the changes were trivial (less than 2%).ConclusionsThe findings provide grounds for reconciling the observations of cell survival with Monte Carlo predictions of GNP dose enhancement. This work is significant because it demonstrates that GNP clustering needs to be understood and accounted to optimize local dose enhancement.
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Metrics
22
Citations
36
References
Details
Published
Nov 06, 2017
Vol/Issue
44(12)
Pages
6560-6569
License
View
Authors
C
Charles Kirkby

Department of Medical Physics Jack Ady Cancer Centre Lethbridge Alberta T1J‐1W5 Canada; Department of Oncology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2N‐4N2 Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2N‐1N4 Canada

B
Brandon Koger

Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2N‐1N4 Canada

N
Natalka Suchowerska

School of Physics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

D
David R. McKenzie

School of Physics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

Cite This Article
Charles Kirkby, Brandon Koger, Natalka Suchowerska, et al. (2017). Dosimetric consequences of gold nanoparticle clustering during photon irradiation. Medical Physics, 44(12), 6560-6569. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12620
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