Pilot tone navigation for respiratory and cardiac motion‐resolved free‐running 5D flow MRI

PurposeIn this work, we integrated the pilot tone (PT) navigation system into a reconstruction framework for respiratory and cardiac motion‐resolved 5D flow. We tested the hypotheses that PT would provide equivalent respiratory curves, cardiac triggers, and corresponding flow measurements to a previously established self‐gating (SG) technique while being independent from changes to the acquisition parameters.MethodsFifteen volunteers and 9 patients were scanned with a free‐running 5D flow sequence, with PT integrated. Respiratory curves and cardiac triggers from PT and SG were compared across all subjects. Flow measurements from 5D flow reconstructions using both PT and SG were compared to each other and to a reference electrocardiogram‐gated and respiratory triggered 4D flow acquisition. Radial trajectories with variable readouts per interleave were also tested in 1 subject to compare cardiac trigger quality between PT and SG.ResultsThe correlation between PT and SG respiratory curves were 0.95 ± 0.06 for volunteers and 0.95 ± 0.04 for patients. Heartbeat duration measurements in volunteers and patients showed a bias to electrocardiogram measurements of, respectively, 0.16 ± 64.94 ms and 0.01 ± 39.29 ms for PT versus electrocardiogram and of 0.24 ± 63.68 ms and 0.09 ± 32.79 ms for SG versus electrocardiogram. No significant differences were reported for the flow measurements between 5D flow PT and from 5D flow SG. A decrease in the cardiac triggering quality of SG was observed for increasing readouts per interleave, whereas PT quality remained constant.ConclusionPT has been successfully integrated in 5D flow MRI and has shown equivalent results to the previously described 5D flow SG technique, while being completely acquisition‐independent.

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References

Details

Published: Oct 05, 2021
Vol/Issue: 87(2)
Pages: 718-732
License: View

Authors

M

Mariana B. L. Falcão

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland

L

Lorenzo Di Sopra

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland

L

Liliana Ma

Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA

M

Mario Bacher

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland; Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology Siemens Healthcare AG Lausanne Switzerland

J

Jerome Yerly

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) Lausanne Switzerland

P

Peter Speier

Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany

T

Tobias Rutz

Service of Cardiology Centre de Resonance Magnétique Cardiaque (CRMC) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

M

Milan Prša

Woman‐Mother‐Child Department Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

M

Michael Markl

Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA

M

Matthias Stuber

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) Lausanne Switzerland

C

Christopher W. Roy

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland

Funding

National Institutes of Health Award: F30HL137279

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung Award: 173129

Cite This Article

Mariana B. L. Falcão, Lorenzo Di Sopra, Liliana Ma, et al. (2021). Pilot tone navigation for respiratory and cardiac motion‐resolved free‐running 5D flow MRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 87(2), 718-732. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.29023

Pilot tone navigation for respiratory and cardiac motion‐resolved free‐running 5D flow MRI

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