Lower grass stomatal conductance under elevated CO2 can decrease transpiration and evapotranspiration rates despite carbon fertilization

Sate Ahmad; Charilaos Yiotis; Weimu Xu; Jan Knappe; Laurence Gill; Jennifer McElwain

doi:10.1002/pld3.70013

journal article Open Access Oct 01, 2024

Lower grass stomatal conductance under elevated CO2 can decrease transpiration and evapotranspiration rates despite carbon fertilization

Sate Ahmad

Charilaos Yiotis

Weimu Xu

Jan Knappe

Laurence Gill Jennifer McElwain

Plant Direct Vol. 8 No. 10 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/pld3.70013

Abstract

AbstractAnthropogenic increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) affects plant physiology. Plant responses to elevated CO2 typically include: (1) enhanced photosynthesis and increased primary productivity due to carbon fertilization and (2) suppression of leaf transpiration due to CO2‐driven decrease in stomatal conductance. The combined effect of these responses on the total plant transpiration and on evapotranspiration (ET) has a wide range of implications on local, regional, and global hydrological cycles, and thus needs to be better understood. Here, we investigated the net effect of CO2‐driven perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) physiological responses on transpiration and evapotranspiration by integrating physiological and hydrological (water budget) methods, under a controlled environment. Measurements of the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf mass per area, aboveground biomass, and water balance components were recorded. Measured variables under elevated CO2 were compared with those of ambient CO2. As expected, our results show that elevated CO2 significantly decreases whole‐plant transpiration rates (38% lower in the final week) which is a result of lower stomatal conductance (57% lower in the final week) despite a slight increase in aboveground biomass. Additionally, there was an overall decline in evapotranspiration (ET) under elevated CO2, indicating the impact of CO2‐mediated suppression of transpiration on the overall water balance. Although studies with larger sample sizes are needed for more robust conclusions, our findings have significant implications for global environmental change. Reductions in ET from ryegrass‐dominated grasslands and pastures could increase soil moisture and groundwater recharge, potentially leading to increased surface runoff and flooding.

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Details

Published: Oct 01, 2024
Vol/Issue: 8(10)
License: View

Authors

S

Sate Ahmad

Botany, School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland; Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

C

Charilaos Yiotis

Department of Biological Applications and Technology University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece

W

Weimu Xu

School of Earth Sciences University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland

J

Jan Knappe

Considerate Group London United Kingdom

L

Laurence Gill

Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

J

Jennifer McElwain

Botany, School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Funding

Science Foundation Ireland Award: ICRAG‐SFI 13/RC/2092

Cite This Article

Sate Ahmad, Charilaos Yiotis, Weimu Xu, et al. (2024). Lower grass stomatal conductance under elevated CO2 can decrease transpiration and evapotranspiration rates despite carbon fertilization. Plant Direct, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70013

Lower grass stomatal conductance under elevated CO2 can decrease transpiration and evapotranspiration rates despite carbon fertilization

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