journal article Nov 12, 2025

Investigating the Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change on the Ethiopian Economy: A Dynamic Factor Model Approach

Sustainable Development Vol. 34 No. 2 pp. 1697-1718 · Wiley
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study examines the macroeconomic effects of climate change on the Ethiopian economy using quarterly data from 1970Q1 to 2023Q4. The study combines a Dynamic Factor Model (DFM) to extract a latent common economic factor with a set of observed climate variables (methane, greenhouse gases, temperature, precipitation, carbon intensity) and a Structural Vector Auto‐regression (SVAR) to trace within‐economy transmission. The DFM identifies climate and demographic variables that significantly influence inflation, agricultural output, exports, and GDP; the SVAR shows how shocks to inflation and agriculture propagate to lowering economic growth and exports. Climate‐related agricultural shocks and inflationary pressures can reduce GDP and exports, underscoring the need for integrated monetary and adaptation policy; strengthening export‐oriented, climate‐resilient agriculture can stabilize export performance and national income which reduces macroeconomic vulnerability; and investments in early warning systems, irrigation and educational programs that disseminate adaptive farming knowledge are essential to support sustainable development goals (SDG‐13 and SDG‐8).
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
101
[1]
Abalo K. B.Boehlert T.Buil et al.2025.“The Macroeconomic Implications of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options A Modeling Approach.”(No. 11133; Policy Research Issue 11133).https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/3b12ad3c‐3182‐4772‐95b3‐205076b6bf14/content.
[3]
Abebaw H. F. andM. E.Girma.2022.“Determinants of Modern Agricultural Technology Adoption for Teff Production: The Case of Minjar Shenkora Woreda North.” 10.1155/2022/2384345
[9]
Aragie E. "Modeling the Economywide Effects of Water and Energy Interventions in the Face of Climate Shocks in Ethiopia" Climatic Change (2025)
[10]
Araya A. "Smallholder Farmers' Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Variability and Climate Change in Doyogena District, Southern Ethiopia" International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management (2018)
[11]
Astatike G. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Ethiopia: A Time‐Series Analysis" 4th International Conference on the Ethiopian Economy (2006)
[13]
Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models

Jushan Bai, Serena Ng

Econometrica 10.1111/1468-0262.00273
[15]
Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models

Jushan Bai, PIERRE PERRON

Journal of Applied Econometrics 10.1002/jae.659
[18]
Barro R. J.1995.“Inflation and Economic Growth.”(No. 5326; NBER Working Paper Series).https://ssrn.com/abstract=225390. 10.3386/w5326
[23]
The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors

Raymond B. Cattell

Multivariate Behavioral Research 10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10
[28]
Conteh E. N. K. "The Impact of Inflation on Economic Growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa Countries" International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (2024)
[31]
A two-step estimator for large approximate dynamic factor models based on Kalman filtering

Catherine Doz, Domenico Giannone, Lucrezia Reichlin

Journal of Econometrics 10.1016/j.jeconom.2011.02.012
[32]
A Quasi–Maximum Likelihood Approach for Large, Approximate Dynamic Factor Models

Catherine Doz, Domenico Giannone, Lucrezia Reichlin

Review of Economics and Statistics 10.1162/rest_a_00225
[39]
The Generalized Dynamic-Factor Model: Identification and Estimation

Mario Forni, Marc Hallin, Marco Lippi et al.

Review of Economics and Statistics 10.1162/003465300559037
[41]
Gebreegziabher Z. (2015)
[45]
Gujrati D. N. (2004)
[46]
Gutema P. "Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Output and Adaptation Measures in Ethiopia" Ethiopian Journal of Economics (2024)
[47]
Gylfason T.1997.“Export Inflation and Growth.”(No. 119; IMF Working Paper).https://ssrn.com/abstract=225390. 10.5089/9781451854138.001
[48]
Hausmann R. T. O.Brien T.Cheston et al.2022.“Development in a Complex World: The Case of Ethiopia.”(No. 423; CID Faculty Working Pape Issue 423).https://growthlab.hks.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/growthlab/files/2022‐11‐cid‐wp‐423.

Showing 50 of 101 references

Metrics
0
Citations
101
References
Details
Published
Nov 12, 2025
Vol/Issue
34(2)
Pages
1697-1718
License
View
Cite This Article
Mekuannet Worku Tefera, Yilkal Demlew Alemu, Asmamaw Getnet Wassie (2025). Investigating the Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change on the Ethiopian Economy: A Dynamic Factor Model Approach. Sustainable Development, 34(2), 1697-1718. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.70410