Mitochondrial RNA, a new trigger of the innate immune system

Joanna Grochowska; Jolanta Czerwinska; Lukasz S. Borowski; Roman J. Szczesny

doi:10.1002/wrna.1690

journal article Sep 08, 2021

Mitochondrial RNA, a new trigger of the innate immune system

Joanna Grochowska

Jolanta Czerwinska

Lukasz S. Borowski

Roman J. Szczesny

WIREs RNA Vol. 13 No. 3 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1002/wrna.1690

Abstract

AbstractMitochondria play a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes. One of them is regulation of the innate immune pathway. In this instance, mitochondria function in two different aspects of regulatory mechanisms. First, mitochondria are part of the antiviral signaling cascade that is triggered in the cytoplasm and transmitted to effector proteins through mitochondria‐localized proteins. Second, mitochondria can become an endogenous source of innate immune stimuli. Under some pathophysiological conditions, mitochondria release to the cytoplasm immunogenic factors, such as mitochondrial nucleic acids. Here, we focus on immunogenic mitochondrial double‐stranded RNA (mt‐dsRNA) and its origin and metabolism. We discuss factors that are responsible for regulating mt‐dsRNA and its escape from mitochondria, emphasizing the contribution of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase, PNPT1). Finally, we review current knowledge of the role of PNPase in human health and disease.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease

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Details

Published: Sep 08, 2021
Vol/Issue: 13(3)
License: View

Authors

J

Joanna Grochowska

Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland

J

Jolanta Czerwinska

Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland

L

Lukasz S. Borowski

Faculty of Biology Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland

R

Roman J. Szczesny

Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki Award: 2018/31/D/NZ2/03901

Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej Award: POIR.04.04.00‐00‐5E63/18‐00

Cite This Article

Joanna Grochowska, Jolanta Czerwinska, Lukasz S. Borowski, et al. (2021). Mitochondrial RNA, a new trigger of the innate immune system. WIREs RNA, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1690

Mitochondrial RNA, a new trigger of the innate immune system

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