journal article Jun 01, 2009

The effects of solo status on women’s and men’s success: The moderating role of the performance context

View at Publisher Save 10.1007/bf03173011
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
52
[1]
Alexander, V.D., & Thoits, P.A. (1985). Token achievement: An examination of proportional representation and performance outcomes.Social Forces, 64, 332–340. 10.1093/sf/64.2.332
[2]
Beaton, A., Tougas, F., Rinfret, N., Huard, N., & Delisle, M.-N. (2007). Strenght in numbers? Women and mathematics.European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22, 291–306. 10.1007/bf03173427
[3]
The measurement of psychological androgyny.

Sandra L. Bem

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1974 10.1037/h0036215
[4]
Biernat, M., & Vescio, T.K. (1993). Categorization and stereotyping: Effects of group context on memory and social judgment.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 166–202. 10.1006/jesp.1993.1008
[5]
Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being.

Nyla R. Branscombe, Michael T. Schmitt, Richard D. Harvey

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999 10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.135
[6]
Cohen, L.L., & Swim, J.K. (1995). The differential impact of gender ratios on women and men: Tokenism, self-confidence, and expectations.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 876–884. 10.1177/0146167295219001
[7]
Craig, J.M., & Sherif, C.W. (1986). The effectiveness of men and women in problem-solving groups as a function of group gender composition.Sex Roles, 14, 453–466. 10.1007/bf00288427
[8]
Crocker, J., & McGraw, K.M. (1984). What’s good for the goose is not good for the gander: Solo status as an obstacle to occupational achievement for males and females.American Behavioral Scientist, 27, 357–369. 10.1177/000276484027003007
[9]
Deaux, K. (1985). Sex and gender.Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 49–81. 10.1146/annurev.ps.36.020185.000405
[10]
Floge, L., & Merrill, D.M. (1986). Tokenism reconsidered: Male nurses and female physicians in a hospital setting.Social Forces, 64, 925–947. 10.1093/sf/64.4.925
[11]
Fuegen, K., & Biernat, M. (2002). Reexamining the effects of solo status for women and men.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 913–925. 10.1177/014616720202800705
[12]
Gilbert, D.T., & Hixon, J.G. (1991). The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 509–517. 10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.509
[13]
Heatherton, T.F., & Polivy, J. (1991). Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 895–910. 10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.895
[14]
Heikes, E.J. (1991). When men are the minority: The case of men in nursing.The Sociological Quarterly, 32, 389–401. 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00165.x
[15]
Hewstone, M., Crisp, R.J., Contarello, A., Voci, A., Conway, L., Marletta, G., & Willis, H. (2006). Tokens in the tower: Perceptual processes and interaction dynamics in academic settings with ‘skewed’, ‘tilted’, and ‘balanced’ sex ratios.Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 9, 509–532. 10.1177/1368430206067558
[16]
Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, INSEE (2006). Data obtained on 12 January 2008 athttp://www.educnet.education.fr/insee/par/education/filieres3.htm
[17]
Inzlicht, M., & Ben-Zeev, T. (2000). A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problem-solving deficits in the presence of males?Psychological Science, 11, 365–371. 10.1111/1467-9280.00272
[18]
Izraeli, D.N. (1983). Sex effects or structural effects? An empirical test of Kanter’s theory of proportions.Social Forces, 62, 153–165. 10.1093/sf/62.1.153
[19]
Jemmott, J.B., & Gonzales, E. (1989). Social status, the status distribution, and performance in small groups.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 584–598. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00271.x
[20]
Kanter, R.M. (1977). Some effects of proportions on group life: Skewed sex ratios and responses to token women.American Journal of Sociology, 82, 965–990. 10.1086/226425
[21]
Krimmel, J.T., & Gormley, P.E. (2003). Tokenism and job satisfaction for policewomen.American Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 73–88. 10.1007/bf02885753
[22]
Lord, C.G., & Saenz, D.S. (1985). Memory deficits and memory surfeits: Differential cognitive consequences of tokenism for tokens and observers.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 918–926. 10.1037/0022-3514.49.4.918
[23]
Martinot, D., & Désert, M. (2007). Awareness of a gender stereotype, personal beliefs and self-perceptions regarding math ability: When boys do not surpass girls.Social Psychology of Education, 10, 455–471. 10.1007/s11218-007-9028-9
[24]
Martinot, D., Désert, M., & Redersdorff, S. (2008). When girls evaluate themselves better than boys in minority situations: Role of the performance context.Current Research in Social Psychology, 13; http://www.uiowa.edu/≈grpproc/crisp/crisp.html.
[25]
McDonald, T.W., Toussaint, L.L., & Schweiger, J.A. (2004). The influence of social status on token women leaders’ expectations about leading male dominated groups.Sex roles, 50, 401–409. 10.1023/b:sers.0000018894.96308.52
[26]
McGuire, W.J., McGuire, C.V., & Winton W. (1979). Effects of household sex composition on the salience of one’s gender in the spontaneous self-concept.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 77–90. 10.1016/0022-1031(79)90020-9
[27]
Morrison, A., & von Glinow, M. (1990). Women and minorities in management.American Psychologist. Special Issue: Organizational psychology, 45(2), 200–208. 10.1037/0003-066x.45.2.200
[28]
Ott, E.M. (1989). Effects of the male-female ratio at work: Policewomen and male nurses.Psychology of Women Quarterly, 13, 41–57. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1989.tb00984.x
[29]
Pittinsky, T.L., Shih, M., & Ambady, N. (2000). Will a category cue affect you? Category cues, positive stereotypes and reviewer recall for applicants.Social Psychology of Education, 4, 53–65. 10.1023/a:1009656413789
[30]
Redersdorff, S., & Martinot, D. (in press). Being outperformed in an intergroup context: The relationship between group status and self-protective strategies.British Journal of Social Psychology. 10.1348/014466608x334771
[31]
Sackett, P., DuBois, C.L., & Noe, A.W. (1991). Tokenism in performance evaluation: The effects of work group representation on male-female and White-Black differences in performance ratings.Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 263–267. 10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.263
[32]
Saenz, D.S., & Lord, C.G. (1989). Reversing roles: A cognitive strategy for undoing memory deficits associated with token status.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 698–708. 10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.698
[33]
Sekaquaptewa, D., & Thompson, M. (2003). Solo status, stereotype threat, and performance expectancies: Their effects on women’s performance.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 68–74. 10.1016/s0022-1031(02)00508-5
[34]
Shih, M., Ambady, N., Richeson, J.A., Fujita, K., & Gray, H.M. (2002). Stereotype performance boosts: The impact of self-relevance and the manner of stereotype activation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 638–647. 10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.638
[35]
Stereotype Susceptibility: Identity Salience and Shifts in Quantitative Performance

Margaret Shih, Todd L. Pittinsky, Nalini Ambady

Psychological Science 1999 10.1111/1467-9280.00111
[36]
Spangler, E., Gordon, M.A., & Pipkin, R.M. (1978). Token women: An empirical test of Kanter’s hypothesis.American Journal of Sociology, 84, 160–170. 10.1086/226745
[37]
Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance

Steven J. Spencer, Claude M. Steele, Diane M. Quinn

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1999 10.1006/jesp.1998.1373
[38]
Stangor, C., Carr, C., & Kiang, L. (1998). Activating stereotypes undermines task performance expectations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1191–1197. 10.1037/0022-3514.75.5.1191
[39]
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.

Claude M. Steele, Joshua Aronson

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1995 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797
[40]
Steele, J., James, J.B., & Barnett, R.C. (2002). Learning in a man’s world: Examining the perceptions of undergraduate women in male-dominated academic areas.Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 46–50. 10.1111/1471-6402.00042
[41]
Taylor, S.E., Fiske, S.T., Etcoff, N.L., & Ruderman, A.J. (1978). Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 778–793. 10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.778
[42]
Thompson, M., & Sekaquaptewa, D. (2002). When being different is detrimental: Solo status and the performance of women and racial minorities.Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2, 183–203. 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2002.00037.x
[43]
Tulving, E., Schacter, D.L., & Stark, H.A. (1982). Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 8, 336–342.
[44]
Tsui, A.S., Porter, L.W., & Egan, T.D. (2002). When both similarities and dissimilarities matter: Extending the concept of relational demography.Human Relations, 55, 899–929. 10.1177/0018726702055008176
[45]
Webster, M., Jr., & Hyson, S.J. (1998). Creating status characteristics.American Sociological Review, 63, 351–378. 10.2307/2657554
[46]
Williams, C. (1992). The glass escalator: Hidden advantages form en in the “female” professions.Social Problems, 39, 253–267. 10.2307/3096961
[47]
Williams, J.E., Daws, J.T., Best, D.L., Tilquin, C., Wesley, F., & Bjerke, T. (1979). Sex-trait stereotypes in France, Germany, and Norway.Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 10, 133–156. 10.1177/0022022179102002
[48]
Yoder, J.D. (1991). Rethinking tokenism: Looking beyond numbers.Gender and Society, 5, 178–192. 10.1177/089124391005002003
[49]
Yoder, J.D. (2002). 2001 Division 35 presidential address: Context matters: Understanding tokenism processes and their impact on women’s work.Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 1–8. 10.1111/1471-6402.00038
[50]
Yoder, J., & Aniakudo, P. (1997). Outsider within the firehouse: Subordination and difference in the social interactions of African American women firefighters.Gender & Society, 11, 324–341. 10.1177/089124397011003004

Showing 50 of 52 references

Metrics
13
Citations
52
References
Details
Published
Jun 01, 2009
Vol/Issue
24(2)
Pages
191-205
License
View
Cite This Article
Marie-Laure Viallon, Delphine Martinot (2009). The effects of solo status on women’s and men’s success: The moderating role of the performance context. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 24(2), 191-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03173011