journal article Dec 01, 2025

Multi-directional synergistic effects of air-cooling and liquid-cooling on the thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries

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Published
Dec 01, 2025
Vol/Issue
281
Pages
128629
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Funding
Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology Award: E2024202293
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province Award: E2024202056
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality Award: 23JCZDJC00490
Cite This Article
Lele Li, Peizhao Lyu, Xianjie Han, et al. (2025). Multi-directional synergistic effects of air-cooling and liquid-cooling on the thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries. Applied Thermal Engineering, 281, 128629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128629