Bidirectional relationships between cognitive decline and depression: A study of middle-aged and older adults using cross-lagged panel network analysis

Xu Ma; Xingyu Zhou; Yuran Qiu

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119741

journal article Nov 01, 2025

Bidirectional relationships between cognitive decline and depression: A study of middle-aged and older adults using cross-lagged panel network analysis

Xu Ma

Xingyu Zhou

Yuran Qiu

Journal of Affective Disorders Vol. 389 pp. 119741 · Elsevier BV

View at Publisher Save 10.1016/j.jad.2025.119741

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

75

[1]

Abramovitch "The C factor: cognitive dysfunction as a transdiagnostic dimension in psychopathology" Clin. Psychol. Rev. (2021) 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102007

[2]

Abramson "Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression" Psychol. Rev. (1989) 10.1037/0033-295x.96.2.358

[3]

Ahern "Change in cognitive function over the course of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis" Neuropsychol. Rev. (2024)

[4]

Alexopoulos "Clinical presentation of the “depression–executive dysfunction syndrome” of late life" Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry (2002)

[5]

Allemand "Scar Model" (2018)

[6]

APA (2013)

[7]

Barak "Internalize at your peril: internalizing disorders as risk factors for dementia-cohort study" GeroScience (2021) 10.1007/s11357-020-00285-y

[8]

Beaudoin "Memory self-efficacy and memory performance in older adults: the mediating role of task persistence" Swiss J. Psychol. (2017) 10.1024/1421-0185/a000188

[9]

Beaujean "The relationship between cognitive ability and depression: A longitudinal data analysis" Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. (2013) 10.1007/s00127-013-0668-0

[10]

Best "An analysis of dynamic, bidirectional associations between memory and verbal fluency with depressive symptoms in middle- and older-aged adults: A cohort study" J. Affect. Disord. (2022) 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.019

[11]

Blazer "Self-efficacy and depression in late life: A primary prevention proposal" Aging Ment. Health (2002) 10.1080/1360786021000006938

[12]

Borsboom "Psychometric perspectives on diagnostic systems" J. Clin. Psychol. (2008) 10.1002/jclp.20503

[13]

A network theory of mental disorders

Denny Borsboom

World Psychiatry 2017 10.1002/wps.20375

[14]

Brown "Age and gender disparities in depression and subjective cognitive decline-related outcomes" Aging Ment. Health (2022) 10.1080/13607863.2020.1861214

[15]

mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations inR

Stef van Buuren, Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn

Journal of Statistical Software 2011 10.18637/jss.v045.i03

[16]

Factorial validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale short form in older population in China

Huajuan Chen, Ada C. Mui

International Psychogeriatrics 2014 10.1017/s1041610213001701

[17]

Chen "China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)" (2021)

[18]

Dillon "Mechanisms of memory disruption in depression" Trends Neurosci. (2018) 10.1016/j.tins.2017.12.006

[19]

Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies

Breno S. Diniz, Meryl A. Butters, Steven M. Albert et al.

British Journal of Psychiatry 2013 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118307

[20]

Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression

Seth G. Disner, Christopher G. Beevers, Emily A. P. Haigh et al.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2011 10.1038/nrn3027

[21]

Dotson "Cognitive functioning in late-life depression: A critical review of sociodemographic, neurobiological, and treatment correlates" Curr. Behav. Neurosci. Rep. (2018) 10.1007/s40473-018-0159-4

[22]

Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper

Sacha Epskamp, Denny Borsboom, Eiko I. Fried

Behavior Research Methods 2018 10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1

[23]

“Mini-mental state”

Marshal F. Folstein, Susan E. Folstein, Paul R. McHugh

Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6

[24]

Forbes "Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in older adults" Int. Psychogeriatr. (2024)

[25]

Fried "Mental disorders as networks of problems: A review of recent insights" Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. (2017) 10.1007/s00127-016-1319-z

[26]

Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent

Jerome Friedman, Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani

Journal of Statistical Software 2010 10.18637/jss.v033.i01

[27]

Graph drawing by force‐directed placement

Thomas M. J. Fruchterman, Edward M. Reingold

Software: Practice and Experience 1991 10.1002/spe.4380211102

[28]

Gotlib "Cognition and depression: current status and future directions" Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. (2010) 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305

[29]

Guo "Sleep quality partially mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in older Chinese: A longitudinal study across 10 years" Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag. (2022) 10.2147/prbm.s353987

[30]

Bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and mild cognitive impairment over 20 years: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States

Yunyun Guo, Manacy Pai, Baowen Xue et al.

Journal of Affective Disorders 2023 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.046

[31]

Hammar "Enduring cognitive dysfunction in unipolar major depression: A test-retest study using the Stroop paradigm" Scand. J. Psychol. (2010)

[32]

Disentangling cognition and emotion in older adults: the role of cognitive control and mental health in emotional conflict adaptation

Nathan C. Hantke, Anett Gyurak, Katie Van Moorleghem et al.

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2017 10.1002/gps.4535

[33]

He "The association between urbanization and depression among the middle-aged and elderly: A longitudinal study in China" Inquiry: A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing (2020)

[34]

Hill "Factors that influence the emotional impact of memory problems in older adults: A qualitative descriptive study" Int. J. Older People Nurs. (2022) 10.1111/opn.12439

[35]

Holmes "Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science" Lancet Psychiatry (2020) 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1

[36]

Sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment among elderly adults: The first longitudinal evidence from CHARLS

Yisong Hu, Wenjia Peng, Rujing Ren et al.

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2022 10.1002/jcsm.13081

[37]

Hwang "Gender differences in the impact of depression on cognitive decline among Korean older adults" Asia Pac. J. Public Health (2021) 10.1177/1010539520961715

[38]

Isvoranu "Symptom network models of psychosis" OSF (2017)

[39]

John "Affective problems and decline in cognitive state in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis" Psychol. Med. (2019) 10.1017/s0033291718001137

[40]

Jones "Bridge centrality: A network approach to understanding comorbidity" Multivar. Behav. Res. (2021) 10.1080/00273171.2019.1614898

[41]

Emotion Regulation in Depression

Jutta Joormann, W. Michael Vanderlind

Clinical Psychological Science 2014 10.1177/2167702614536163

[42]

Levine "Sex differences in cognitive decline among US adults" JAMA Netw. Open (2021) 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0169

[43]

Mini-Mental State Examination in Elderly Chinese: A Population-Based Normative Study

Hanzhi Li, Jianping Jia, Zhiqiang Yang

Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2016 10.3233/jad-160119

[44]

Lindert "Depression-, anxiety-, and anger and cognitive functions: findings from a longitudinal prospective study" Front. Psych. (2021)

[45]

Liu "The hopelessness theory of depression: A quarter century in review" Clinical Psychology: A Publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association (2015)

[46]

Lök "The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer patients: randomized controlled trial" Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry (2019) 10.1002/gps.4980

[47]

Mogle "Memory complaints and depressive symptoms over time: A construct-level replication analysis" BMC Geriatr. (2020) 10.1186/s12877-020-1451-1

[48]

Newman "The effects of worry in daily life: an ecological momentary assessment study supporting the tenets of the contrast avoidance model" Clin. Psychol. Sci. (2019) 10.1177/2167702619827019

[49]

Odenthal "Temporal dynamics in mental health symptoms and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in a longitudinal probability sample: A network analysis" Transl. Psychiatry (2023) 10.1038/s41398-023-02444-z

[50]

O’Shea "Cognitive aging and the hippocampus in older adults" Front. Aging Neurosci. (2016) 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00298

Showing 50 of 75 references

Metrics

9

Citations

75

References

Details

Published: Nov 01, 2025
Vol/Issue: 389
Pages: 119741
License: View

Authors

Cite This Article

Xu Ma, Xingyu Zhou, Yuran Qiu (2025). Bidirectional relationships between cognitive decline and depression: A study of middle-aged and older adults using cross-lagged panel network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 389, 119741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.119741

Bidirectional relationships between cognitive decline and depression: A study of middle-aged and older adults using cross-lagged panel network analysis

You May Also Like