The role of RCCE-IM in the mpox response: A qualitative reflection process with experts and civil society in three European countries

World Health Organization 2024a. 2022–2024 Mpox (monkeypox) outbreak: global trends; 2025. 〈https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/〉. [Accessed 14 February 2025].

[3]

World Health Organization 2024b. WHO Director-General declares mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. 〈https://www.who.int/news/item/14-08-2024-who-director-general-declares-mpox-outbreak-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern〉. [Accessed 30 September 2024].

[4]

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2024 Joint ECDC-WHO Regional Office for Europe Mpox Surveillance Bulletin; 2024. 〈https://monkeypoxreport.ecdc.europa.eu〉 [Accessed 20 November 2024].

[5]

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2025 Epidemiological update, 14 January 2025: Mpox due to monkeypox virus clade I. 〈https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/epidemiological-update-14-january-2025-mpox-due-monkeypox-virus-clade-i〉 [Accessed 14 February 2025].

[6]

World Health Organization 2022a. Risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) for monkeypox outbreaks. Interim guidance; 2022. 〈https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1〉 [Accessed 7 May 2024].

[7]

World Health Organization 2022b. Risk communications and community engagement interim guidance on using inclusive language in understanding, preventing and addressing stigma and discrimination related to monkeypox; 2022. 〈https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/communications-and-community-engagement-interim-guidance-on-using-inclusive-language-in-understanding--preventing-and-addressing-stigma-and-discrimination-related-to-monkeypox〉 [Accessed 7 May 2024].

[8]

World Health Organization 2023. Community experiences of the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe and the Americas: technical brief; 2023. 〈https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240077287〉 [Accessed 22 August 2023].

[9]

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2022a. Interim advice on Risk Communication and Community Engagement during the monkeypox outbreak in Europe, 2022. Stockholm: ECDC; 2022. 〈https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/interim-advice-risk-communication-and-community-engagement-during-monkeypox〉.

[10]

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2022b. Risk communication and community engagement approaches during the monkeypox outbreak in Europe, 2022. Stockholm: ECDC; 2022. 〈https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/risk-communication-and-community-engagement-monkeypox-outbreak〉.

[11]

Leask "Framework, principles and recommendations for utilizing participatory methodologies in the co-creation and evaluation of public health interventions" Res Involv Engag (2019)

[12]

Gonsalves "De ́ja` vu all over again? Emergent monkeypox, delayed responses, and stigmatized populations" J Urban Health (2022) 10.1007/s11524-022-00671-1

[13]

Shrewsbury "Blame and shame are harming our response to monkeypox" BMJ (2022)

[14]

Turpin "Monkeypox-related stigma and vaccine challenges as a barrier to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among black sexual minority men" Int J Environ Res Public Health (2023) 10.3390/ijerph20146324

[15]

Schmalzle "Survey of pain and stigma experiences in people diagnosed with mpox in Baltimore, Maryland during 2022 global outbreak" PLoS One (2024) 10.1371/journal.pone.0299587

[16]

Witzel "Experiences of mpox illness and case management among cis and trans gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in England: a qualitative study" EClinicalMedicine (2024) 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102522

[17]

Keum "Mpox stigma, online homophobia, and the mental health of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men" LGBT Health (2023) 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0281

[18]

Garcia-Iglesias "Social media as a public health tool during the UK mpox outbreak: a qualitative study of stakeholders' experiences" BMJ Public Health (2023) 10.1136/bmjph-2023-000407

[19]

Smith "Mpox illness narratives: stigmatising care and recovery during and after an emergency outbreak" Qual Health Res (2024)

[20]

März "Monkeypox, stigma and public health" Lancet Reg Health – Eur (2022)

[21]

Takenaka "“It’s another gay disease”: an intersectional qualitative approach contextualizing the lived experiences of young gay, bisexual, and other sexual minoritized men in the United States during the mpox outbreak" BMC Public Health (2024) 10.1186/s12889-024-19062-z

[22]

Eurostat 2024. Healthcare expenditure statistics – overview. 〈https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Healthcare_expenditure_statistics_-_overview&oldid=651721〉.

[23]

Wojczewski "Risk communication and community engagement with vulnerable groups: perceptions of social-services CSOs during Covid-19" Int J Disaster Risk Reduct (2023) 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103817

[24]

Tong "Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups" Int J Qual Health Care (2007) 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042

[25]

Flick (2018)

[26]

Schreier "Qualitative content analysis" (2013)

[27]

World Health Organization 2023. Community experiences of the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe and the Americas: technical brief; 2023. 〈https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240077287〉 [Accessed 22 August 2023].

[28]

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 2022. UNAIDS calls for urgent global response to monkeypox public health emergency with rights-based public health and equitable access to vaccines. 〈https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2022/july/20220722_Monkeypox〉. [Accessed 8 October 2024].

[29]

Garcia Iglesias "Is mpox an STI? The societal aspects and healthcare implications of a key question" Wellcome Open Res (2022) 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18436.1

[30]

Allan-Blitz "A position statement on mpox as a sexually transmitted disease" Clin Infect Dis (2023) 10.1093/cid/ciac960

[31]

Hazra "Is mpox a sexually transmitted infection? Why narrowing the scope of this disease may be harmful" Clin Infect Dis (2023) 10.1093/cid/ciac962

[32]

Kutalek "From macro- to micro-factors in health: social science approaches in research on sexually transmitted infections" PLoS Med (2008) 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002490

[33]

Logie "What can we learn from HIV, COVID-19 and mpox stigma to guide stigma-informed pandemic preparedness?" JIAS J Int AIDS Soc (2022)

[34]

Landman K. One public health lesson from 2022 worth remembering; 2022. 〈https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23516469/2022-public-health-community-led-mpox-vaccine-peer〉.

[35]

Gillespie "Social mobilization and community engagement central to the Ebola response in West Africa: lessons for future public health emergencies" Glob Health: Sci Pract (2019)

[36]

Hushie "Strengthening international health security by embedding the role of civil society organizations in national health systems: lessons from the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola response" (2021)

[37]

Biesty "Community lead health promotion to counter stigma and increase trust among priority populations: lessons from the 2022–2023 UK mpox outbreak" BMC Public Health (2024) 10.1186/s12889-024-19176-4

[38]

Ennab "Monkeypox outbreaks in 2022: battling another “pandemic” of misinformation" Int J Public Health (2022) 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605149

[39]

World Health Organization 2023. Public health advice for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men on the recent outbreak of mpox; 2023. 〈https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-public-health-advice-for-men-who-have-sex-with-men〉 [Accessed 7 May 2024].

[40]

Pickersgill "Pandemic preparedness means policy makers need to work with social scientists" Lancet (2022) 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00983-7

Metrics

5

Citations

40

References

Details

Published: Jul 01, 2025
Vol/Issue: 18(7)
Pages: 102787
License: View

Authors

Anna Christina Maukner

Funding

Horizon Europe Award: 101046133GA

Cite This Article

Ruth Kutalek, Paul Grohma, Anna Christina Maukner, et al. (2025). The role of RCCE-IM in the mpox response: A qualitative reflection process with experts and civil society in three European countries. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 18(7), 102787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102787

The role of RCCE-IM in the mpox response: A qualitative reflection process with experts and civil society in three European countries

You May Also Like