Linking Drinking Water Violations to Public Health: A Statewide Analysis of Emergency Department Visits for Waterborne Diseases

Gautam Kunwar; Corwin M. Zigler; Charles J. Werth; Lina Sela

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c15245

journal article Apr 07, 2026

Linking Drinking Water Violations to Public Health: A Statewide Analysis of Emergency Department Visits for Waterborne Diseases

Gautam Kunwar Corwin M. Zigler Charles J. Werth

Lina Sela

Environmental Science & Technology Vol. 60 No. 15 pp. 11434-11445 · American Chemical Society (ACS)

View at Publisher Save 10.1021/acs.est.5c15245

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

95

[1]

Juuti P. (2019)

[2]

10.2105/ajph.2015.302731

[3]

10.1038/s41545-021-00128-z

[4]

10.1061/jwrmd5.wreng-6923

[5]

10.1021/acsestwater.2c00390

[6]

US EPA, O. Summary of the Safe Drinking Water Act. https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-safe-drinking-water-act (accessed July 25, 2025).

[7]

Disparities in community water system compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act

Zoe Statman-Weil, Leora Nanus, Nancy Wilkinson

Applied Geography 10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102264

[8]

US EPA, O. National Enforcement and Compliance Initiative: Increasing Compliance with Drinking Water Standards at Community Water Systems. https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/national-enforcement-and-compliance-initiative-increasing-compliance-drinking-water (accessed July 25, 2025).

[9]

10.1073/pnas.1719805115

[10]

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Resources and FAQs | ECHO, US EPA. https://echo.epa.gov/help/sdwa-faqs (accessed June 18, 2025).

[11]

Pierce, G.; Landes, L.; Harrison, G.; Schlichting, L.; Dunlap, L. Considerations for a National Drinking Water Quality Compliance Assessment ; 2023; p 10. https://innovation.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Considerations-for-a-National-Drinking-Water-Quality-Compliance-Assessment.pdf (accessed June 18, 2025).

[12]

10.3389/fpubh.2025.1588338

[13]

10.1021/acs.est.5b01898

[14]

10.1038/s41370-023-00597-z

[15]

10.1021/acsestwater.3c00664

[16]

Reynolds K. A. (2008) 10.1007/978-0-387-71724-1_4

[17]

10.2166/wh.2006.024

[18]

Reducing Emergency Department Visits for Acute Gastrointestinal Illnesses in North Carolina (USA) by Extending Community Water Service

Nicholas B. DeFelice, Jill E. Johnston, Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson

Environmental Health Perspectives 10.1289/ehp160

[19]

Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2024

Anne F. Peery, Caitlin C. Murphy, Chelsea Anderson et al.

Gastroenterology 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.029

[20]

10.1039/d0ew00710b

[21]

10.1021/acs.est.1c08697

[22]

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137661

[23]

Machine Learning Models of Arsenic in Private Wells Throughout the Conterminous United States As a Tool for Exposure Assessment in Human Health Studies

Melissa A. Lombard, Molly Scannell Bryan, Daniel K. Jones et al.

Environmental Science & Technology 10.1021/acs.est.0c05239

[24]

10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0128

[25]

10.2105/ajph.2018.304621

[26]

10.1088/1748-9326/ace2d9

[27]

10.1289/ehp14793

[28]

10.1002/aws2.1120

[29]

10.1017/age.2020.4

[30]

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159726

[31]

10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.003

[32]

10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.035

[33]

10.1021/es3015925

[34]

10.1289/ehp.1306912

[35]

10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.013

[36]

10.1038/s41370-021-00361-1

[37]

10.1289/ehp.0901671

[38]

10.2105/ajph.2013.301659

[39]

10.1257/aer.101.3.448

[40]

10.1073/pnas.1905385116

[41]

10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.07.012

[42]

10.1162/rest_a_01006

[43]

10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.030

[44]

10.1038/s41370-021-00314-8

[45]

10.1016/j.envres.2022.114977

[46]

10.1038/s41467-021-27509-9

[47]

10.3390/w15193446

[48]

Texas Health Care Information Collection (THCIC) , Texas DSHS. https://www.dshs.texas.gov/center-health-statistics/texas-health-care-information-collection (accessed Oct 12, 2023).

[49]

SDWIS Federal Reporting Services . https://sdwis.epa.gov/ords/sfdw_pub/r/sfdw/sdwis_fed_reports_public/200 (accessed Nov 13, 2024).

[50]

Water Service Boundary Viewer, Texas Water Development Board. https://www3.twdb.texas.gov/apps/waterserviceboundaries (accessed Oct 12, 2023).

Showing 50 of 95 references

Metrics

0

Citations

95

References

Details

Published: Apr 07, 2026
Vol/Issue: 60(15)
Pages: 11434-11445
License: View

Authors

G

Gautam Kunwar

Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States

C

Corwin M. Zigler

Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States

C

Charles J. Werth

Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States

L

Lina Sela

Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States

Funding

National Science Foundation Award: 1953206

Cite This Article

Gautam Kunwar, Corwin M. Zigler, Charles J. Werth, et al. (2026). Linking Drinking Water Violations to Public Health: A Statewide Analysis of Emergency Department Visits for Waterborne Diseases. Environmental Science & Technology, 60(15), 11434-11445. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c15245

Linking Drinking Water Violations to Public Health: A Statewide Analysis of Emergency Department Visits for Waterborne Diseases

You May Also Like