BishtRef
Articles Journals Publishers Authors Subjects Most Cited New Papers Year Stats Open Access
journal article Jun 21, 2005

AO/NAO response to climate change: 1. Respective influences of stratospheric and tropospheric climate changes

D. Rind J. Perlwitz P. Lonergan
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 110 No. D12 · American Geophysical Union (AGU)
View at Publisher Save 10.1029/2004jd005103
Abstract
We utilize the GISS Global Climate Middle Atmosphere Model and eight different climate change experiments, many of them focused on stratospheric climate forcings, to assess the relative influence of tropospheric and stratospheric climate change on the extratropical circulation indices (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO). The experiments are run in two different ways: with variable sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to allow for a full tropospheric climate response, and with specified SSTs to minimize the tropospheric change. The results show that experiments with tropospheric warming or stratospheric cooling produce more positive AO/NAO indices. Experiments with tropospheric cooling or stratospheric warming produce a negative AO/NAO response. For the typical magnitudes of tropospheric and stratospheric climate changes, the tropospheric response dominates; results are strongest when the tropospheric and stratospheric influences are producing similar phase changes. Both regions produce their effect primarily by altering wave propagation and angular momentum transports, but planetary wave energy changes accompanying tropospheric climate change are also important. Stratospheric forcing has a larger impact on the NAO than on the AO, and the angular momentum transport changes associated with it peak in the upper troposphere, affecting all wavenumbers. Tropospheric climate changes influence both the AO and NAO with effects that extend throughout the troposphere. For both forcings there is often vertical consistency in the sign of the momentum transport changes, obscuring the difference between direct and indirect mechanisms for influencing the surface circulation.
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
56
[4]
Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes

Mark P. Baldwin, Timothy J. Dunkerton

Science 10.1126/science.1063315
[22]
J. Holton 1992 Elsevier New York
[49]
Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part I: Month-to-Month Variability*

David W. J. Thompson, John M. Wallace

Journal of Climate 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1000:amitec>2.0.co;2

Showing 50 of 56 references

Cited By
57
Sensitivity of the regional climate in the Middle East and North Africa to volcanic perturbations

Muhammad Mubashar Dogar, Georgiy Stenchikov · 2017

Journal of Geophysical Research: At...
A review on Northern Hemisphere sea-ice, storminess and the North Atlantic Oscillation: Observations and projected changes

Jürgen Bader, Michel D.S. Mesquita · 2011

Atmospheric Research
Arctic Oscillation response to volcanic eruptions in the IPCC AR4 climate models

Georgiy Stenchikov, Kevin Hamilton · 2006

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oc...
AO/NAO response to climate change: 2. Relative importance of low‐ and high‐latitude temperature changes

D. Rind, J. Perlwitz · 2005

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oc...
Metrics
57
Citations
56
References
Details
Published
Jun 21, 2005
Vol/Issue
110(D12)
License
View
Authors
D
D. Rind

NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University New York New York USA

J
J. Perlwitz

NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University New York New York USA

P
P. Lonergan

NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University New York New York USA

Cite This Article
D. Rind, J. Perlwitz, P. Lonergan (2005). AO/NAO response to climate change: 1. Respective influences of stratospheric and tropospheric climate changes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 110(D12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005103
Related

You May Also Like

Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century

N. A. Rayner, D. E. Parker · 2003

8,912 citations

Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram

Karl E. Taylor · 2001

7,140 citations

Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated‐k model for the longwave

Eli J. Mlawer, Steven J. Taubman · 1997

6,896 citations

Calibration of the ruby pressure gauge to 800 kbar under quasi‐hydrostatic conditions

H. K. Mao, J. Xu · 1986

3,968 citations

Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes

James N. Brune · 1970

3,842 citations