Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology

Gianluca Iacobellis

doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00679-9

journal article Mar 16, 2022

Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology

Gianluca Iacobellis

Nature Reviews Cardiology Vol. 19 No. 9 pp. 593-606 · Springer Science and Business Media LLC

View at Publisher Save 10.1038/s41569-022-00679-9

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

157

[1]

Iacobellis, G. et al. Epicardial fat from echocardiography: a new method for visceral adipose tissue prediction. Obes. Res. 11, 304–310 (2003). 10.1038/oby.2003.45

[2]

Echocardiographic Epicardial Adipose Tissue Is Related to Anthropometric and Clinical Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A New Indicator of Cardiovascular Risk

Gianluca Iacobellis, Maria Cristina Ribaudo, Filippo Assael et al.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabo... 2003 10.1210/jc.2003-030698

[3]

Iacobellis, G., Corradi, D. & Sharma, A. M. Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart. Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. 2, 536–543 (2005). 10.1038/ncpcardio0319

[4]

McAninch, E. A. et al. Epicardial adipose tissue has a unique transcriptome modified in severe coronary artery disease. Obesity 23, 1267–1278 (2015). 10.1002/oby.21059

[5]

Iacobellis, G. Local and systemic effects of the multifaceted epicardial adipose tissue depot. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 11, 363–371 (2015). 10.1038/nrendo.2015.58

[6]

Iacobellis, G. Epicardial fat: a new cardiovascular therapeutic target. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 27, 13–18 (2016). 10.1016/j.coph.2016.01.004

[7]

Malavazos, A. E., Goldberger, J. J. & Iacobellis, G. Does epicardial fat contribute to COVID-19 myocardial inflammation? Eur. Heart J. 41, 233 (2020). 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa471

[8]

Corradi, D. et al. The ventricular epicardial fat is related to the myocardial mass in normal, ischemic and hypertrophic hearts. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 13, 313–316 (2014). 10.1016/j.carpath.2004.08.005

[9]

Company, J. M. et al. Epicardial fat gene expression after aerobic exercise training in pigs with coronary atherosclerosis: relationship to visceral and subcutaneous fat. J. Appl. Physiol. 109, 1904–1912 (2010). 10.1152/japplphysiol.00621.2010

[10]

Sacks, H. S. et al. Human epicardial fat exhibits beige features. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, E1448–E1455 (2013). 10.1210/jc.2013-1265

[11]

Marchington, J. M. & Pond, C. M. Site-specific properties of pericardial and epicardial adipose tissue: the effects of insulin and high-fat feeding on lipogenesis and the incorporation of fatty acids in vitro. Int. J. Obes. 14, 1013–1022 (1990).

[12]

Vural, B. et al. Presence of fatty-acid-binding protein 4 expression in human epicardial adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 17, 392–398 (2008). 10.1016/j.carpath.2008.02.006

[13]

Judkin, J. S., Eringa, E. & Stehouwer, C. D. A. “Vasocrine signalling” from perivascular fat: a mechanism linking insulin resistance to vascular disease. Lancet 365, 1817–1820 (2005). 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66585-3

[14]

Iacobellis, G. et al. Adiponectin expression in human epicardial adipose tissue in vivo is lower in patients with CAD. Cytokine 29, 251–255 (2005).

[15]

Iacobellis, G. et al. Epicardial adipose tissue and intracoronary adrenomedullin levels in coronary artery disease. Horm. Metab. Res. 41, 855–860 (2009). 10.1055/s-0029-1231081

[16]

Antonopoulos, A. S. et al. Mutual regulation of epicardial adipose tissue and myocardial redox state by PPAR-γ/adiponectin signaling. Circ. Res. 118, 842–855 (2016). 10.1161/circresaha.115.307856

[17]

Uncoupling Protein-1 and Related Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Human Epicardial and Other Adipose Tissues: Epicardial Fat Functioning as Brown Fat

Harold S. Sacks, John N. Fain, Ben Holman et al.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabo... 2009 10.1210/jc.2009-0571

[18]

Fainberg, H. P. et al. Transcriptional analysis of adipose tissue during development reveals depot-specific responsiveness to maternal dietary supplementation. Sci. Rep. 8, 9628 (2018). 10.1038/s41598-018-27376-3

[19]

Sacks, H. S. et al. Depot-specific overexpression of proinflammatory, redox, endothelial cell, and angiogenic genes in epicardial fat adjacent to severe stable coronary atherosclerosis. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 9, 433–439 (2011). 10.1089/met.2011.0024

[20]

Peterson, S. J., Yadav, R. & Iacobellis, G. Cardioprotective heme oxygenase 1-PGC1α signaling in epicardial fat attenuates cardiovascular risk in humans as in obese mice. Obesity 27, 1560–1561 (2019). 10.1002/oby.22629

[21]

Iacobellis, G. & Willens, H. J. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 22, 1311–1319 (2009). 10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013

[22]

Malavazos, A. E. et al. Relation of echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and myocardial fat. Am. J. Cardiol. 105, 1831–1835 (2010). 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.01.368

[23]

Neeland, I. J., Poirier, P. & Després, J. P. Cardiovascular and metabolic heterogeneity of obesity: clinical challenges and implications for management. Circulation 137, 1391–1406 (2018). 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029617

[24]

The role of adipose tissue in cardiovascular health and disease

Evangelos K. Oikonomou, Charalambos Antoniades

Nature Reviews Cardiology 2019 10.1038/s41569-018-0097-6

[25]

Prognostic value of epicardial fat volume measurements by computed tomography: a systematic review of the literature

James V. Spearman, Matthias Renker, U. Joseph Schoepf et al.

European Radiology 2015 10.1007/s00330-015-3765-5

[26]

Validation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of pericardial adipose tissue volume

Adam J Nelson, Matthew I Worthley, Peter J Psaltis et al.

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2009 10.1186/1532-429x-11-15

[27]

de Vos, A. M. et al. Peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue is related to cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification in post-menopausal women. Eur. Heart J. 29, 777–783 (2008). 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm564

[28]

Left Atrial Epicardial Adiposity and Atrial Fibrillation

Omar Batal, Paul Schoenhagen, Mingyuan Shao et al.

Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology 2010 10.1161/circep.110.957241

[29]

Liu, Z. et al. Association of epicardial adipose tissue attenuation with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a high risk of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 284, 230–236 (2019). 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.033

[30]

Iacobellis, G. & Mahabadi, A. A. Is epicardial fat attenuation a novel marker of coronary inflammation? Atherosclerosis 284, 212–213 (2019). 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.023

[31]

Franssens, B. T., Nathoe, H. M., Leiner, T., van der Graaf, Y. & Visseren, F. L. Relation between cardiovascular disease risk factors and epicardial adipose tissue density on cardiac computed tomography in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 24, 660–670 (2017). 10.1177/2047487316679524

[32]

Iacobellis, G. et al. Epicardial fat inflammation in severe COVID-19. Obesity 28, 2260–2262 (2020). 10.1002/oby.23019

[33]

Antonopoulos, A. S. et al. Detecting human coronary inflammation by imaging perivascular fat. Sci. Transl Med. 9, 398 (2017). 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2658

[34]

Oikonomou, E. K. et al. Non-invasive detection of coronary inflammation using computed tomography and prediction of residual cardiovascular risk (the CRISP CT study): a post-hoc analysis of prospective outcome data. Lancet 392, 929–939 (2018). 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31114-0

[35]

Attanasio, S. et al. Artificial intelligence, radiomics and other horizons in body composition assessment. Quant. Imaging Med. Surg. 10, 1650–1660 (2020). 10.21037/qims.2020.03.10

[36]

Human Epicardial Adipose Tissue Is a Source of Inflammatory Mediators

Tomasz Mazurek, Andrew Zalewski, John D. Mannion et al.

Circulation 2003 10.1161/01.cir.0000099542.57313.c5

[37]

Hirata, Y. et al. Coronary atherosclerosis is associated with macrophage polarization in epicardial adipose tissue. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 58, 248–255 (2011). 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.048

[38]

Langheim, S. et al. Increased expression and secretion of resistin in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 298, H746–H753 (2010). 10.1152/ajpheart.00617.2009

[39]

Gao, X. et al. Association of chemerin mRNA expression in human epicardial adipose tissue with coronary atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 10, 8 (2011). 10.1186/1475-2840-10-87

[40]

Imoto-Tsubakimoto, H. et al. Serglycin is a novel adipocytokine highly expressed in epicardial adipose tissue. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 432, 105–110 (2013). 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.078

[41]

Epicardial Adipose Tissue as a Source of Nuclear Factor-κB and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Mediated Inflammation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

A. R. Baker, A. L. Harte, N. Howell et al.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabo... 2009 10.1210/jc.2007-2579

[42]

Du, Y. et al. Association between omentin-1 expression in human epicardial adipose tissue and coronary atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 15, 90 (2016). 10.1186/s12933-016-0406-5

[43]

Karastergiou, K. et al. Epicardial adipokines in obesity and coronary artery disease induce atherogenic changes in monocytes and endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30, 1340–1346 (2010). 10.1161/atvbaha.110.204719

[44]

Kremen, J. et al. Increased subcutaneous and epicardial adipose tissue production of proinflammatory cytokines in cardiac surgery patients: possible role in postoperative insulin resistance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 4620–4627 (2006). 10.1210/jc.2006-1044

[45]

Cheng, K. H. et al. Adipocytokines and proinflammatory mediators from abdominal and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary artery disease. Int. J. Obes. 32, 268–274 (2008). 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803726

[46]

Wang, J. et al. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein: regulators of adipokines resistin and phenotype conversion of epicardial adipocytes. Med. Sci. Monit. 24, 6010–6020 (2018). 10.12659/msm.908111

[47]

Salgado-Somoza, A., Teijeira-Fernández, E., Fernández, A. L., González-Juanatey, J. R. & Eiras, S. Proteomic analysis of epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue reveals differences in proteins involved in oxidative stress. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 299, H202–H209 (2010). 10.1152/ajpheart.00120.2010

[48]

Dutour, A. et al. Secretory type II phospholipase A2 is produced and secreted by epicardial adipose tissue and overexpressed in patients with CAD. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 963–967 (2010). 10.1210/jc.2009-1222

[49]

Furuhashi, M. et al. Local production of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in epicardial/perivascular fat and macrophages is linked to coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 36, 825–834 (2016). 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307225

[50]

Pezeshkian, M. & Mahtabipour, M. R. Epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acids profiles in diabetic and non-diabetic patients candidate for coronary artery bypass graft. Bioimpacts 3, 83–89 (2013).

Showing 50 of 157 references

Cited By

599

Innovative Integration of 4D Cardiovascular Reconstruction and Hologram: Framework Development of a New Visualization Tool for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Planning

Shuo Wang, Tong Ren · 2025

JMIR Medical Informatics

Epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with impaired left ventricular strain in patients with metabolic syndrome: the mediating role of myocardial energetic efficiency

Wei-Feng Yan, Jin Wang · 2025

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Weight of time: exploring the link between obesity and aging

Francesco Saverio Ragusa, Toshiko Tanaka · 2025

Aging Clinical and Experimental Res...

Quantitative Detection of Pericardial Adhesions Using Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography: A Novel Motion-Based Analysis Framework

Tong Ren, Shuo Wang · 2025

Bioengineering

The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Acute Coronary Syndromes, Post-Infarct Remodeling and Cardiac Regeneration

Kamil Krauz, Marcel Kempiński · 2024

International Journal of Molecular...

Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing

Tammy T. Nguyen, Silvia Corvera · 2024

Nature Metabolism

AI-derived epicardial fat measurements improve cardiovascular risk prediction from myocardial perfusion imaging

Robert J. H. Miller, Aakash Shanbhag · 2024

npj Digital Medicine

Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an ESC clinical consensus statement

Konstantinos C Koskinas, Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck · 2024

European Heart Journal

The Effect of Semaglutide on Mortality and COVID-19–Related Deaths

Benjamin M. Scirica, A. Michael Lincoff · 2024

Journal of the American College of...

Impacts of obesity on global subclinical left cardiac function represented by CMR-derived myocardial strain, TyG index may be a predictor

Jiajie Mei, Jianli Dong · 2023

Scientific Reports

Metrics

599

Citations

157

References

Details

Published: Mar 16, 2022
Vol/Issue: 19(9)
Pages: 593-606
License: View

Authors

G

Gianluca Iacobellis

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Florida, USA

Cite This Article

Gianluca Iacobellis (2022). Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 19(9), 593-606. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-022-00679-9

Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology

You May Also Like