Graphene/GaSe-Nanosheet Hybrid: Towards High Gain and Fast Photoresponse

Rongtao Lu; Jianwei Liu; Hongfu Luo; Viktor Chikan; Judy Z. Wu

doi:10.1038/srep19161

journal article Open Access Jan 18, 2016

Graphene/GaSe-Nanosheet Hybrid: Towards High Gain and Fast Photoresponse

Rongtao Lu Jianwei Liu

Hongfu Luo Viktor Chikan

Judy Z. Wu

Scientific Reports Vol. 6 No. 1 · Springer Science and Business Media LLC

View at Publisher Save 10.1038/srep19161

Abstract

AbstractWhile high photoconductive gain has been recently achieved in graphene-based hybrid phototransistors using semiconductor two-dimensional transition/post-transition metal dichalcogenides or quantum dots sensitizers, obtaining fast photoresponse simutaneously remains a challenge that must be addressed for practical applications. In this paper we report a graphene/GaSe nanosheets hybrid photodetector, in which GaSe nanosheets provide a favorable geometric link to graphene conductive layer through van Der Waals force. After a vacuum annealing process, a high gain in exceeding 107 has been obtained simitaneously with a dynamic response time of around 10 ms for both light on and off. We attribute the high performance to the elimination of possible deep charge traps, most probably at the graphene/GaSe nanosheets interface. This result demonstrates high photoconductive gain and fast photoresponse can be achieved simultaneously and a clean interface is the key to the high performance of these hybrid devices.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

38

[1]

Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov et al.

Science 2004 10.1126/science.1102896

[2]

Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics

C. R. Dean, A. F. Young, I. Meric et al.

Nature Nanotechnology 2010 10.1038/nnano.2010.172

[3]

Intrinsic and extrinsic performance limits of graphene devices on SiO2

Jian-Hao Chen, Chaun Jang, Shudong Xiao et al.

Nature Nanotechnology 2008 10.1038/nnano.2008.58

[4]

Mueller, T., Xia, F. N. A. & Avouris, P. Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications. Nat. Photonics 4, 297–301 (2010). 10.1038/nphoton.2010.40

[5]

Bonaccorso, F., Sun, Z., Hasan, T. & Ferrari, A. C. Graphene photonics and optoelectronics. Nat. Photonics 4, 611–622 (2010). 10.1038/nphoton.2010.186

[6]

Xia, F. N., Mueller, T., Lin, Y. M., Valdes-Garcia, A. & Avouris, P. Ultrafast graphene photodetector. Nature Nanotechnology 4, 839–843 (2009). 10.1038/nnano.2009.292

[7]

Nair, R. R. et al. Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene. Science 320, 1308–1308 (2008). 10.1126/science.1156965

[8]

Zheng, K. H. et al. Visible Photoresponse of Single-Layer Graphene Decorated with TiO2 Nanoparticles. Small 9, 2076–2080 (2013). 10.1002/smll.201202885

[9]

Liu, J. W. et al. Development of a Seedless Floating Growth Process in Solution for Synthesis of Crystalline ZnO Micro/Nanowire Arrays on Graphene: Towards High-Performance Nanohybrid Ultraviolet Photodetectors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 4941–4948 (2013). 10.1002/adfm.201300468

[10]

Echtermeyer, T. J. et al. Strong plasmonic enhancement of photovoltage in graphene. Nature Communications 2, 458 (2011). 10.1038/ncomms1464

[11]

Liu, Y. et al. Plasmon resonance enhanced multicolour photodetection by graphene. Nature Communications 2, 579 (2011). 10.1038/ncomms1589

[12]

Xu, G. et al. Photodetection based on Ionic Liquid Gated Plasmonic Ag Nanoparticle/Graphene Nanohybrid Field Effect Transistors. Advanced Optical Materials 2, 729–736 (2014). 10.1002/adom.201400077

[13]

Zhang, Y. Z. et al. Broadband high photoresponse from pure monolayer graphene photodetector. Nature Communications 4, 1811 (2013). 10.1038/ncomms2830

[14]

Kim, C. O. et al. High photoresponsivity in an all-graphene p-n vertical junction photodetector. Nature Communications 5, 3249 (2014). 10.1038/ncomms4249

[15]

Hsieh, Y. P. et al. Ultra-high sensitivity graphene photosensors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 041110 (2014). 10.1063/1.4863441

[16]

Konstantatos, G. et al. Hybrid graphene-quantum dot phototransistors with ultrahigh gain. Nature Nanotechnology 7, 363–368 (2012). 10.1038/nnano.2012.60

[17]

Xia, F., Wang, H., Xiao, D., Dubey, M. & Ramasubramaniam, A. Two-dimensional material nanophotonics. Nat. Photonics 8, 899–907 (2014). 10.1038/nphoton.2014.271

[18]

Roy, K. et al. Graphene–MoS2 hybrid structures for multifunctional photoresponsive memory devices. Nature Nanotechnology 8, 826–830 (2013). 10.1038/nnano.2013.206

[19]

Zhang, W. J. et al. Ultrahigh-Gain Photodetectors Based on Atomically Thin Graphene-MoS2 Heterostructures. Sci Rep 4, 3826 (2014). 10.1038/srep03826

[20]

Sun, Z. H. et al. Infrared Photodetectors Based on CVD-Grown Graphene and PbS Quantum Dots with Ultrahigh Responsivity. Advanced Materials 24, 5878–5883 (2012). 10.1002/adma.201202220

[21]

Zhang, D. Y. et al. Understanding Charge Transfer at PbS-Decorated Graphene Surfaces toward a Tunable Photosensor. Advanced Materials 24, 2715–2720 (2012). 10.1002/adma.201104597

[22]

Rogalski, A. Infrared Detectors (Second Edition). (CRC Press, 2011). 10.1201/b10319

[23]

Konstantatos, G., Levina, L., Fischer, A. & Sargent, E. H. Engineering the temporal response of photoconductive photodetectors via selective introduction of surface trap states. Nano Letters 8, 1446–1450 (2008). 10.1021/nl080373e

[24]

Chikan, V. & Kelley, D. F. Synthesis of highly luminescent GaSe nanoparticles. Nano Letters 2, 141–145 (2002). 10.1021/nl015641m

[25]

Chikan, V. & Kelley, D. F. Carrier relaxation dynamics in GaSe nanoparticles. Nano Letters 2, 1015–1020 (2002). 10.1021/nl025678m

[26]

Willams, R. H., McKinley, A., Hughes, G. J., Montgomery, V. & McGovern, I. T. Metal-GaSe and metal-InP interfaces: Schottky barrier formation and interfacial reactions. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 21, 594 (1982). 10.1116/1.571793

[27]

Hu, P. A., Wen, Z. Z., Wang, L. F., Tan, P. H. & Xiao, K. Synthesis of Few-Layer GaSe Nanosheets for High Performance Photodetectors. Acs Nano 6, 5988–5994 (2012). 10.1021/nn300889c

[28]

Lei, S. D. et al. Synthesis and Photoresponse of Large GaSe Atomic Layers. Nano Letters 13, 2777–2781 (2013). 10.1021/nl4010089

[29]

Zhou, Y. B. et al. Epitaxy and Photoresponse of Two-Dimensional GaSe Crystals on Flexible Transparent Mica Sheets. Acs Nano 8, 1485–1490 (2014). 10.1021/nn405529r

[30]

Mahjouri-Samani, M. et al. Pulsed Laser Deposition of Photoresponsive Two-Dimensional GaSe Nanosheet Networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 6365–6371 (2014). 10.1002/adfm.201401440

[31]

Califano, M., Franceschetti, A. & Zunger, A. Temperature dependence of excitonic radiative decay in CdSe quantum dots: The role of surface hole traps. Nano Letters 5, 2360–2364 (2005). 10.1021/nl051027p

[32]

Helveg, S. et al. Atomic-scale structure of single-layer MoS2 nanoclusters. Physical Review Letters 84, 951–954 (2000). 10.1103/physrevlett.84.951

[33]

Chikan, V. & Kelley, D. F. Relaxation dynamics in photoexcited GaSe nanoparticles. Journal of Chemical Physics 117, 8944–8952 (2002). 10.1063/1.1513454

[34]

Ma, C. et al. Detangling Extrinsic and Intrinsic Hysteresis for Detecting Dynamic Switch of Electric Dipoles using Graphene Field-Effect Transistors on Epitaxial Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 Ferroelectric Gates. arXiv:1506.00260 [cond-mat.mes-hall] (2015).

[35]

Allakhverdiev, K., Hagen, J. & Salaeva, Z. On a Possibility to Form Small Crystallites of Layered Gallium Selenide via Ultrasonic Treatment. Physica Status Solidi (a) 163, 121–127 (1997). 10.1002/1521-396x(199709)163:1<121::aid-pssa121>3.0.co;2-k

[36]

Yao, S., Buchert, J. & Alfano, R. Time-resolved picosecond absorption spectroscopy of the layered compound gallium selenide. Physical Review B 25, 6534–6537 (1982). 10.1103/physrevb.25.6534

[37]

Xu, G. W. et al. Plasmonic Graphene Transparent Conductors. Advanced Materials 24, Op71–Op76 (2012). 10.1002/adma.201104012

[38]

Liu, J. et al. Doped graphene nanohole arrays for flexible transparent conductors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 023111 (2011). 10.1063/1.3610939

Metrics

90

Citations

38

References

Details

Published: Jan 18, 2016
Vol/Issue: 6(1)
License: View

Authors

Cite This Article

Rongtao Lu, Jianwei Liu, Hongfu Luo, et al. (2016). Graphene/GaSe-Nanosheet Hybrid: Towards High Gain and Fast Photoresponse. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19161

Graphene/GaSe-Nanosheet Hybrid: Towards High Gain and Fast Photoresponse

You May Also Like