Tunable tapered waveguide for efficient compression of light to graphene surface plasmons

Bo Han Cheng; Hong Wen Chen; Yi-Jun Jen; Yung-Chiang Lan; Din Ping Tsai

doi:10.1038/srep28799

journal article Open Access Jun 29, 2016

Tunable tapered waveguide for efficient compression of light to graphene surface plasmons

Bo Han Cheng Hong Wen Chen Yi-Jun Jen Yung-Chiang Lan Din Ping Tsai

Scientific Reports Vol. 6 No. 1 · Springer Science and Business Media LLC

View at Publisher Save 10.1038/srep28799

Abstract

AbstractDielectric-graphene-dielectric (DGD) structure has been widely used to construct optical devices at infrared region with features of small footprint and low-energy dissipation. The optical properties of graphene can be manipulated by changing its chemical potential by applying a biased voltage onto graphene. However, the excitation efficiency of surface wave on graphene by end-fire method is very low because of large wavevector mismatch between infrared light and surface wave. In this paper, a dielectric-semiconductor-dielectric (DSD) tapered waveguide with magnetic tunability for efficient excitation of surface waves on DGD at infrared region is proposed and analyzed. Efficient excitation of surface waves on DGD with various chemical potentials in graphene layer and incident frequencies can be attained by merely changing the external magnetic field applied onto the DSD tapered waveguide. The electromagnetic simulations verify the design of the proposed structure. More importantly, the constituent materials used in the proposed structure are available in nature. This work opens the door toward various applications in the field of using surface waves.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

40

[1]

Surface plasmon subwavelength optics

William L. Barnes, Alain Dereux, Thomas W. Ebbesen

Nature 2003 10.1038/nature01937

[2]

Jacob, Z., Alekseyev, L. V. & Narimanov, E. Optical hyperlens: far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit. Opt. Express 14, 8247–8256 (2006). 10.1364/oe.14.008247

[3]

Liu, Z., Lee, H., Xiong, Y., Sun, C. & Zhang, X. Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects. Science 315, 1686 (2007). 10.1126/science.1137368

[4]

Cheng, B. H., Ho, Y. Z., Lan, Y. C. & Tsai, D. P. Optical hybrid-superlens-hyperlens for superresolution imaging. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 4601305 (2013). 10.1109/jstqe.2012.2230152

[5]

Cheng, B. H., Chang, K. J., Lan, Y. C. & Tsai, D. P. Achieving planar plasmonic subwavelength resolution using alternately arranged isulator-metal and insulator-insulator-metal composite structures. Sci. Rep. 5, 7996 (2015). 10.1038/srep07996

[6]

Hsu, W. L. et al. Vertical split-ring resonator based anomalous beam steering with high extinction ratio. Sci. Rep. 5, 11226 (2015). 10.1038/srep11226

[7]

Kabashin, A. V. et al. Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials for biosensing. Nat. Mater. 8, 867–871 (2009). 10.1038/nmat2546

[8]

THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF SUBSTANCES WITH SIMULTANEOUSLY NEGATIVE VALUES OF $\epsilon$ AND μ

Viktor G Veselago

Soviet Physics Uspekhi 1968 10.1070/pu1968v010n04abeh003699

[9]

Maier, S. Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications 1st edn (Springer Verlag, 2007). 10.1007/0-387-37825-1

[10]

Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction

Nanfang Yu, Patrice Genevet, Mikhail A. Kats et al.

Science 2011 10.1126/science.1210713

[11]

Kildishev, A. V., Boltasseva, A. & Shalaev, V. M. Planar photonics with metasurfaces. Science 339, 1232009 (2013). 10.1126/science.1232009

[12]

Litchinitser, N. M. Applied Physics. Structured Light Meets Structured Matter. Science 37, 1054–1055 (2012). 10.1126/science.1226204

[13]

Sun, S. L. et al. Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. Nat. Mater. 11, 426–431 (2012). 10.1038/nmat3292

[14]

Linic, S., Christopher, P. & Ingram D. B. Plasmonic-metal nanostructures for efficient conversion of solar to chemical energy. Nature Mater. 10, 911–921 (2011). 10.1038/nmat3151

[15]

Zhang, X., Chen, Y. L., Liu, R. S. & Tsai, D. P. Plasmonic photocatalysis. Reports on Progress in Physics 76, 046401 (2013). 10.1088/0034-4885/76/4/046401

[16]

Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions

Ekmel Ozbay

Science 2006 10.1126/science.1114849

[17]

Vakil, A. & Engheta, N. Transformation optics using graphene. Science 332, 1291–1294 (2011). 10.1126/science.1202691

[18]

Fan, Y., Shen, N.-H., Koschny, T. & Soukoulis, C. M. Tunable terahertz meta-surface with graphene cut-wires. ACS Photonics 2, 151–156 (2015). 10.1021/ph500366z

[19]

Soto Lamata, I., Alonso-Gonzalez, P., Hillenbrand, R. & Nikitin, A. Y. Plasmons in Cylindrical 2D Materials as a Platform for Nanophotonic Circuits. ACS Photonics 2, 280–286 (2015). 10.1021/ph500377u

[20]

Grigorenko, A. N., Polini, M. & Novoselov, K. S. Graphene plasmonics. Nat. photonics 6, 749–758 (2012). 10.1038/nphoton.2012.262

[21]

Gao, W. et al. Excitation and active control of propagating surface plasmon polaritons in graphene. Nano Lett. 13, 3698–3702 (2013). 10.1021/nl401591k

[22]

Yu, R., Pruneri, V. & de Abajo, F. J. G. Resonant visible light modulation with graphene. ACS Photonics 2, 550–558 (2015). 10.1021/ph5004829

[23]

Nikitin, A. Y., Alonso-González, P. & Hillenbrand, R. Efficient Coupling of Light to Graphene Plasmons by Compressing Surface Polaritons with Tapered Bulk Materials. Nano Lett. 14, 2896–2901 (2014). 10.1021/nl500943r

[24]

Zhao, T. et al. Coherent and Tunable Terahertz Radiation from Graphene Surface Plasmon Polarirons Excited by Cyclotron Electron Beam. Sci. Rep. 5, 16059 (2015). 10.1038/srep16059

[25]

Chen, J. et al. Strong plasmon reflection at nanometer-size gaps in monolayer graphene on SiC. Nano Lett. 13, 6210–6215 (2013). 10.1021/nl403622t

[26]

Andryiesuski, A. & Lavrinenko, A. V. Nanocouplers for infrared and visible light. Adv. Optoelectron. 2012, 839747 (2012).

[27]

Agio, M., Chen, X. W. & Sandoghdar, V. Nanofocusing radially-polarized beams for high-throughput funneling of optical energy to the near field. Opt. Express 18, 10878–10887 (2010). 10.1364/oe.18.010878

[28]

Brion, J. J., Wallis, R. F., Hartstein, A. & Burstein, E. Theory of surface magnetoplasmons in semiconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1455–1458 (1972). 10.1103/physrevlett.28.1455

[29]

Wu, H. H. & Lan, Y. C. Magnetic lenses of surface magnetoplasmons in semiconductor–glass waveguide arrays. Appl. Phys. Express 7, 032203 (2014). 10.7567/apex.7.032203

[30]

Amet, F. et al. Composite fermions and broken symmetries in graphene. Nat. Commun. 6, 5838 (2015). 10.1038/ncomms6838

[31]

Hanson, G. W. Dyadic Greens functions and guided surface waves on graphene. J. Appl. Phys. 103, 064302 (2006). 10.1063/1.2891452

[32]

Falkovsky, L. A. & Pershoguba, S. S. Optical Far-Infrared Properties of a Graphene Monolayer and Multilayer. Phys. Rev. B 76, 153410 (2007). 10.1103/physrevb.76.153410

[33]

Dielectric function, screening, and plasmons in two-dimensional graphene

E. H. Hwang, S. Das Sarma

Physical Review B 2007 10.1103/physrevb.75.205418

[34]

Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene

V P Gusynin, S G Sharapov, J P Carbotte

Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2007 10.1088/0953-8984/19/2/026222

[35]

Jishi, R. A., Dresselhaus, M. S. & Dresselhaus, G. Electron-phonon coupling and the electrical conductivity of fullerene nanotubules. Phys. Rev. B 48, 11385–11389 (1993). 10.1103/physrevb.48.11385

[36]

Alaee, R., Farhat, M., Rockstuhl, C. & Lederer, F. A perfect absorber made of a graphene micro-ribbon metamaterial. Optics Express 20, 28017–28024 (2012). 10.1364/oe.20.028017

[37]

Gao, W., Shu, J., Qiu, C. & Xu, Q. Excitation of plasmonic waves in graphene by guided-mode resonances. ACS Nano 6, 7806–7813 (2012). 10.1021/nn301888e

[38]

Cheng, B. H., Chang, K. J., Lan, Y. C. & Tsai, D. P. Actively controlled super-resolution using graphene-based structure. Optics Express 22, 28635–28644 (2014). 10.1364/oe.22.028635

[39]

Karalis, A., Lidorikis, E., Ibanescu, M., Joannopoulos, J. D. & Soljacić, M. Surface-plasmon-assisted guiding of broadband slow and subwavelength light in air. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 063901 (2005). 10.1103/physrevlett.95.063901

[40]

Liu, X. et al. Metamaterials on parylene thin film substrates: Design, fabrication and characterization at terahertz frequency. App. Phys. Lett. 96, 011906 (2010). 10.1063/1.3275015

Metrics

8

Citations

40

References

Details

Published: Jun 29, 2016
Vol/Issue: 6(1)
License: View

Authors

B

Bo Han Cheng

Osaka University Department of Applied Physics, , Suita 565-0871, Japan

The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience and Nanotechnology City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China

Cite This Article

Bo Han Cheng, Hong Wen Chen, Yi-Jun Jen, et al. (2016). Tunable tapered waveguide for efficient compression of light to graphene surface plasmons. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28799

Tunable tapered waveguide for efficient compression of light to graphene surface plasmons

You May Also Like