Current Knowledge of Biologics in Treatment of Noninfectious Uveitis

Simple Gupta; K. Shyamsundar; Mohini Agrawal; Nitin Vichare; Jyotirmay Biswas

doi:10.1089/jop.2021.0098

journal article Apr 01, 2022

Current Knowledge of Biologics in Treatment of Noninfectious Uveitis

Simple Gupta K. Shyamsundar Mohini Agrawal

Nitin Vichare Jyotirmay Biswas

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 38 No. 3 pp. 203-222 · SAGE Publications

View at Publisher Save 10.1089/jop.2021.0098

Abstract

The arena of uveitis deals with a number of entities, which can be infectious or immune mediated. Noninfectious uveitis (NIU) has been managed with corticosteroids and immunosuppressives. However, their prolonged use has side effects limiting clinical utility in the long run. Improved knowledge regarding pathogenesis of uveitis and associated systemic disease has led to a new epoch in the development of treatment strategies, of which biologics are the recent ones. Biologics revolutionized the management of NIU especially uveitis associated with spondyloarthropathy and refractory uveitis. They target inflammation at a molecular level with less side effects. The most widely used are tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (infliximab and adalimumab). Other drugs include anti-CD20 inhibitors (rituximab), interleukin-6R-inhibitor (tocilizumab), Interleukin-1R-inhibitor (anakinra), Iinterleukin-2-inhibitor (daclizumab), and the list is further increasing. New advances in biologics are the biosimilar molecules, which are biological products that are highly similar to the reference product, and they include Infimab (biosimilar of infliximab), Exemptia or Adfrar (biosimilar of adalimumab), and Intacept or Etacept (biosimilar of etanercept). Other group of biologics are Janus Associated Kinase inhibitors (JAK-inhibitors), which are long-term oral treatment options of rheumatoid arthritis. They inhibit JAKs, which cause activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, and initiate transcription of inflammatory genes. Many inflammatory cytokines that are implicated in pathogenesis of ocular inflammation are known to utilize the JAK/STAT-signaling pathway, including interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6. Thus, biologics are the future of uveitis treatment with promising results. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge on biologics and their clinical utility in the management of NIU.

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Details

Published: Apr 01, 2022
Vol/Issue: 38(3)
Pages: 203-222
License: View

Authors

S

Simple Gupta

Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital, Pune, India.

K

K. Shyamsundar

Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital, Pune, India.

M

Mohini Agrawal

Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital, Pune, India.

N

Nitin Vichare

Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital, Pune, India.

J

Jyotirmay Biswas

Department of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Netralaya, Chennai, India.

Cite This Article

Simple Gupta, K. Shyamsundar, Mohini Agrawal, et al. (2022). Current Knowledge of Biologics in Treatment of Noninfectious Uveitis. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 38(3), 203-222. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2021.0098

Current Knowledge of Biologics in Treatment of Noninfectious Uveitis

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