The Epidemiology of Sapovirus in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infection and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Study: Evidence of Protection Following Natural Infection

Saba Rouhani; Pablo Peñataro Yori; Maribel Paredes Olortegui; Aldo A Lima; Tahmeed Ahmed; Estomih R Mduma; Ajila George; Amidou Samie; Erling Svensen; Ila Lima; Dinesh Mondal; Carl J Mason; Adil Kalam; Richard L Guerrant; Dennis Lang; Anita Zaidi; Gagandeep Kang; Eric Houpt; Margaret N Kosek

doi:10.1093/cid/ciac165

journal article Open Access Jul 28, 2022

The Epidemiology of Sapovirus in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infection and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Study: Evidence of Protection Following Natural Infection

Saba Rouhani

Pablo Peñataro Yori Maribel Paredes Olortegui Aldo A Lima Tahmeed Ahmed

Estomih R Mduma Ajila George Amidou Samie Erling Svensen Ila Lima Dinesh Mondal Carl J Mason Adil Kalam Richard L Guerrant Dennis Lang Anita Zaidi Gagandeep Kang

Eric Houpt Margaret N Kosek

Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 75 No. 8 pp. 1334-1341 · Oxford University Press (OUP)

View at Publisher Save 10.1093/cid/ciac165

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundSapovirus is one of the principal agents of acute viral enteritis in children. Because it has not been routinely included in diagnostic evaluations, the epidemiology and natural history remain poorly described.MethodsA birth cohort of 1715 children from 8 countries contributed surveillance samples (n = 35 620) and diarrheal specimens (n = 6868) from 0 to 24 months of age. Sapovirus was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction concurrently to other enteropathogens using multiarray cards. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors, and longitudinal models were employed to estimate incidence rates and evaluate evidence of protective immunity.ResultsSapovirus was detected in 24.7% (n = 1665) of diarrheal stools and 12.8% (n = 4429) of monthly surveillance samples. More than 90% of children were infected and 60% experienced sapovirus diarrhea in the first 2 years of life. Breastfeeding and higher socioeconomic status were associated with reduced incidence of infection and illness. Specimens with sapovirus detected had an increased odds of coinfection with rotavirus (odds ratio [OR], 1.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–2.0]), astrovirus (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.3–1.7]), adenovirus (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1–1.5]), and Shigella (OR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3–1.6]). Prior infection with sapovirus conferred a risk reduction of 22% for subsequent infection (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 [95% CI, .74–.85]) and 24% for subsequent diarrhea (95% CI, 11.0%–35.0%; HR, 0.76).ConclusionsSapovirus is a common cause of early childhood diarrhea. Further research on coinfections is warranted. Evidence of acquired immunity was observed even in the absence of genotype-specific analysis for this pathogen of known genetic diversity.

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Sapovirus Infections in an Australian Community-Based Healthy Birth Cohort During the First 2 Years of Life

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Metrics

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Citations

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References

Details

Published: Jul 28, 2022
Vol/Issue: 75(8)
Pages: 1334-1341
License: View

Authors

S

Saba Rouhani

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA

P

Pablo Peñataro Yori

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA

M

Maribel Paredes Olortegui

Investigaciones Biomédicas, AB PRISMA , Iquitos , Peru

A

Aldo A Lima

Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil

T

Tahmeed Ahmed

Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) , Dhaka , Bangladesh

E

Estomih R Mduma

Haydom Global Health Institute , Haydom , Tanzania

A

Ajila George

Christian Medical College , Vellore , India

A

Amidou Samie

University of Venda , Thohoyandou , South Africa

E

Erling Svensen

University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway

I

Ila Lima

Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil

D

Dinesh Mondal

Nutrition Infection Interaction Research Group, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) , Dhaka , Bangladesh

C

Carl J Mason

Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Bangkok , Thailand

A

Adil Kalam

Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan

R

Richard L Guerrant

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA

D

Dennis Lang

Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA

A

Anita Zaidi

Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases Programme, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , Seattle, Washington , USA

G

Gagandeep Kang

Christian Medical College , Vellore , India

E

Eric Houpt

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA

M

Margaret N Kosek

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia , USA

Cite This Article

Saba Rouhani, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, et al. (2022). The Epidemiology of Sapovirus in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infection and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Study: Evidence of Protection Following Natural Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 75(8), 1334-1341. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac165

The Epidemiology of Sapovirus in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infection and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Study: Evidence of Protection Following Natural Infection

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