Auxin biosynthesis maintains embryo identity and growth during BABY BOOM-induced somatic embryogenesis

Justyna Wrobel-Marek; Iris Heidmann; Anneke Horstman; Baojian Chen; Ricardo Reis; Gerco C Angenent; Kim Boutilier

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab558

journal article Open Access Dec 01, 2021

Auxin biosynthesis maintains embryo identity and growth during BABY BOOM-induced somatic embryogenesis

Justyna Wrobel-Marek

Plant Physiology Vol. 188 No. 2 pp. 1095-1110 · Oxford University Press (OUP)

View at Publisher Save 10.1093/plphys/kiab558

Abstract

AbstractSomatic embryogenesis is a type of plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from nonreproductive (vegetative) cells without fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by auxins, and by ectopic expression of embryo-expressed transcription factors like the BABY BOOM (BBM) AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR domain protein. These different pathways are thought to converge to promote auxin response and biosynthesis, but the specific roles of the endogenous auxin pathway in somatic embryogenesis induction have not been well-characterized. Here we show that BBM transcriptionally regulates the YUCCA3 (YUC3) and YUC8 auxin biosynthesis genes during BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. BBM induced local and ectopic YUC3 and YUC8 expression in seedlings, which coincided with increased DR5 auxin response and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis and with ectopic expression of the WOX2 embryo reporter. YUC-driven auxin biosynthesis was required for BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis, as the number of embryogenic explants was reduced by ca. 50% in yuc3 yuc8 mutants and abolished after chemical inhibition of YUC enzyme activity. However, a detailed YUC inhibitor time-course study revealed that YUC-dependent IAA biosynthesis is not required for the re-initiation of totipotent cell identity in seedlings. Rather, YUC enzymes are required later in somatic embryo development for the maintenance of embryo identity and growth. This study resolves a long-standing question about the role of endogenous auxin biosynthesis in transcription factor-mediated somatic embryogenesis and also provides an experimental framework for understanding the role of endogenous auxin biosynthesis in other in planta and in vitro embryogenesis systems.

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Details

Published: Dec 01, 2021
Vol/Issue: 188(2)
Pages: 1095-1110
License: View

Authors

J

Justyna Wrobel-Marek

Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, 40-032, Poland

I

Iris Heidmann

Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands; Enza Zaden Research and Development B.V, Enkhuizen, 1602 DB, The Netherlands

A

Anneke Horstman

Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands

B

Baojian Chen

Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands

R

Ricardo Reis

Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands

G

Gerco C Angenent

Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AP, Netherlands

K

Kim Boutilier

Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands

Funding

Dutch Research Council (NWO Award: 3184300100

Technology Top Institute-Green Genetics Award: 4CC060RP

Cite This Article

Justyna Wrobel-Marek, Iris Heidmann, Anneke Horstman, et al. (2021). Auxin biosynthesis maintains embryo identity and growth during BABY BOOM-induced somatic embryogenesis. Plant Physiology, 188(2), 1095-1110. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab558

Auxin biosynthesis maintains embryo identity and growth during BABY BOOM-induced somatic embryogenesis

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