Botrytis
                    hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 triggers noncanonical PTI to induce plant cell death

Abstract
According to their lifestyle, plant pathogens are divided into biotrophic and necrotrophic organisms. Biotrophic pathogens exclusively nourish living host cells, whereas necrotrophic pathogens rapidly kill host cells and nourish cell walls and cell contents. To this end, the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea secretes large amounts of phytotoxic proteins and cell wall-degrading enzymes. However, the precise role of these proteins during infection is unknown. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of the previously unknown toxic protein hypersensitive response-inducing protein 1 (Hip1), which induces plant cell death. We found the adoption of a structurally conserved folded Alternaria alternata Alt a 1 protein structure to be a prerequisite for Hip1 to exert its necrosis-inducing activity in a host-specific manner. Localization and the induction of typical plant defense responses by Hip1 indicate recognition as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern at the plant plasma membrane. In contrast to other secreted toxic Botrytis proteins, the activity of Hip1 does not depend on the presence of the receptor-associated kinases BRI1-associated kinase 1 and suppressor of BIR1-1. Our results demonstrate that recognition of Hip1, even in the absence of obvious enzymatic or pore-forming activity, induces strong plant defense reactions eventually leading to plant cell death. Botrytis hip1 overexpression strains generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed enhanced infection, indicating the virulence-promoting potential of Hip1. Taken together, Hip1 induces a noncanonical defense response which might be a common feature of structurally conserved fungal proteins from the Alt a 1 family.

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References

Details

Published: Oct 12, 2022
Vol/Issue: 191(1)
Pages: 125-141
License: View

Authors

T

Tanja Jeblick

Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

T

Thomas Leisen

Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

C

Christina E Steidele

Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich , Freising 85354, Germany

I

Isabell Albert

Molecular Plant Physiology, FAU Erlangen , Erlangen 91058, Germany

J

Jonas Müller

Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

S

Sabrina Kaiser

Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

F

Florian Mahler

Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

F

Frederik Sommer

Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

S

Sandro Keller

Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany; Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz 8010, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz , Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz , Graz, Austria

R

Ralph Hückelhoven

Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich , Freising 85354, Germany

M

Matthias Hahn

Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

D

David Scheuring

Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany

Funding

DFG Award: SCHE 1836/4-1

University of Kaiserslautern

Cite This Article

Tanja Jeblick, Thomas Leisen, Christina E Steidele, et al. (2022). Botrytis hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 triggers noncanonical PTI to induce plant cell death. Plant Physiology, 191(1), 125-141. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac476

Botrytis hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 triggers noncanonical PTI to induce plant cell death

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