Phenotypes of Thyroid Eye Disease

Jimmy M. Uddin; Tal Rubinstein; Shirin Hamed-Azzam

doi:10.1097/iop.0000000000001147

journal article Jul 01, 2018

Phenotypes of Thyroid Eye Disease

Jimmy M. Uddin Tal Rubinstein Shirin Hamed-Azzam

Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Vol. 34 No. 4S pp. S28-S33 · Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

View at Publisher Save 10.1097/iop.0000000000001147

Abstract

Purpose:
To describe a new classification system of thyroid eye disease (TED) based on the phenotypic features (clinical and radiologic) of the disease.

Methods:
Clinical features, photographic, and orbital imaging of TED patients were considered in relation to their natural history and treatment response in the experience of the author. Phenotypically distinct categories of patients were identified and described.

Results:
Six phenotypes of TED are observed: 1) congestive (active inflammatory), 2) “white eye” expansion, 3) “hydraulic” apex, 4) “white eye” apex, 5) cicatricial active, and 6) cicatricial passive.

Conclusions:
The observable characteristics of TED are determined by the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. TED is heterogeneous in its underlying pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and response to medical and surgical treatment modalities. Several previous categorizations of the clinical appearance of TED exist, but they are dichotomous and underrepresent the heterogeneity of the disease. The authors present clinical and radiologic features of 6 different classes or phenotypes of TED and their response to different treatments.

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Metrics

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Citations

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References

Details

Published: Jul 01, 2018
Vol/Issue: 34(4S)
Pages: S28-S33

Authors

J

Jimmy M. Uddin

Moorfields Eye Hospital, Adnexal Service, London, United Kingdom

T

Tal Rubinstein

Moorfields Eye Hospital, Adnexal Service, London, United Kingdom

S

Shirin Hamed-Azzam

Moorfields Eye Hospital, Adnexal Service, London, United Kingdom

Cite This Article

Jimmy M. Uddin, Tal Rubinstein, Shirin Hamed-Azzam (2018). Phenotypes of Thyroid Eye Disease. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 34(4S), S28-S33. https://doi.org/10.1097/iop.0000000000001147

Phenotypes of Thyroid Eye Disease

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