journal article
Nov 01, 2010
Limitations of Current Antibiotics for the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common ocular infection that is generally treated empirically with a broad‐spectrum antibiotic. The more common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis include
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Haemophilus influenzae
,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, and
Moraxella
species. Several antibiotics traditionally used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis are no longer widely prescribed because of increased bacterial resistance and/or safety concerns. The introduction of the fluoroquinolone class of anti‐infectives offered effective and better tolerated treatment options. Nonetheless, successful therapy for bacterial conjunctivitis continues to be limited by several factors. A primary concern is the development of bacterial resistance that may be impacted not only by widespread antibiotic use but also by antibacterial pharmacokinetics, such as maintenance of insufficient bactericidal concentrations at the site of infection. In addition, poor adherence to prescribed regimens that require frequent administration, along with undesirable adverse events, affects the development of bacterial resistance and the success of treatment regimens. This article reviews current antibacterial agents used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis, factors that limit their successful use in treatment, and options for future development of more effective topical ophthalmic anti‐infective agents.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common ocular infection that is generally treated empirically with a broad‐spectrum antibiotic. The more common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis include
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Haemophilus influenzae
,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, and
Moraxella
species. Several antibiotics traditionally used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis are no longer widely prescribed because of increased bacterial resistance and/or safety concerns. The introduction of the fluoroquinolone class of anti‐infectives offered effective and better tolerated treatment options. Nonetheless, successful therapy for bacterial conjunctivitis continues to be limited by several factors. A primary concern is the development of bacterial resistance that may be impacted not only by widespread antibiotic use but also by antibacterial pharmacokinetics, such as maintenance of insufficient bactericidal concentrations at the site of infection. In addition, poor adherence to prescribed regimens that require frequent administration, along with undesirable adverse events, affects the development of bacterial resistance and the success of treatment regimens. This article reviews current antibacterial agents used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis, factors that limit their successful use in treatment, and options for future development of more effective topical ophthalmic anti‐infective agents.
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Citations
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References
Details
- Published
- Nov 01, 2010
- Vol/Issue
- 87(11)
- Pages
- 908-919
- License
- View
Authors
Cite This Article
Paul Karpecki, Michael R. Paterno, Timothy L. Comstock (2010). Limitations of Current Antibiotics for the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis. Optometry and Vision Science, 87(11), 908-919. https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181f6fbb3
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