When death comes: linking predator–prey activity patterns to timing of mortality to understand predation risk

Shotaro Shiratsuru; Emily K. Studd; Stan Boutin; Michael J. L. Peers; Yasmine N. Majchrzak; Allyson K. Menzies; Rachael Derbyshire; Thomas S. Jung; Charles J. Krebs; Rudy Boonstra; Dennis L. Murray

doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.0661

journal article May 17, 2023

When death comes: linking predator–prey activity patterns to timing of mortality to understand predation risk

Shotaro Shiratsuru

Emily K. Studd Stan Boutin

Michael J. L. Peers

Yasmine N. Majchrzak Allyson K. Menzies

Rachael Derbyshire Thomas S. Jung

Charles J. Krebs

Rudy Boonstra

Dennis L. Murray

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences Vol. 290 No. 1999 · The Royal Society

View at Publisher Save 10.1098/rspb.2023.0661

Abstract

The assumption that activity and foraging are risky for prey underlies many predator–prey theories and has led to the use of predator–prey activity overlap as a proxy of predation risk. However, the simultaneous measures of prey and predator activity along with timing of predation required to test this assumption have not been available. Here, we used accelerometry data on snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) to determine activity patterns of prey and predators and match these to precise timing of predation. Surprisingly we found that lynx kills of hares were as likely to occur during the day when hares were inactive as at night when hares were active. We also found that activity rates of hares were not related to the chance of predation at daily and weekly scales, whereas lynx activity rates positively affected the diel pattern of lynx predation on hares and their weekly kill rates of hares. Our findings suggest that predator–prey diel activity overlap may not always be a good proxy of predation risk, and highlight a need for examining the link between predation and spatio-temporal behaviour of predator and prey to improve our understanding of how predator–prey behavioural interactions drive predation risk.

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Details

Published: May 17, 2023
Vol/Issue: 290(1999)
License: View

Authors

S

Shotaro Shiratsuru

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3

E

Emily K. Studd

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3; Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada V2C 0B8

S

Stan Boutin

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3

M

Michael J. L. Peers

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3

Y

Yasmine N. Majchrzak

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3

A

Allyson K. Menzies

Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, St-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9

R

Rachael Derbyshire

Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada

T

Thomas S. Jung

Department of Environment, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

C

Charles J. Krebs

Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

R

Rudy Boonstra

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

D

Dennis L. Murray

Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada

Funding

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

W. Garfield Weston Foundation

University of Alberta Northern Research Award program

Earth Rangers

Northern Studies Training Program

Wildlife Conservation Society Canada

Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies

the Killam Laureates program

Cite This Article

Shotaro Shiratsuru, Emily K. Studd, Stan Boutin, et al. (2023). When death comes: linking predator–prey activity patterns to timing of mortality to understand predation risk. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 290(1999). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0661

When death comes: linking predator–prey activity patterns to timing of mortality to understand predation risk

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