Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders

Erin M. Lloyd; Gavin J. Pinniger; Robyn M. Murphy; Miranda D. Grounds

doi:10.1111/apha.14012

journal article Open Access Jul 21, 2023

Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders

Erin M. Lloyd Gavin J. Pinniger Robyn M. Murphy Miranda D. Grounds

Acta Physiologica Vol. 238 No. 4 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/apha.14012

Abstract

AbstractMany neuromuscular disorders can have a differential impact on a specific myofibre type, forming the central premise of this review. The many different skeletal muscles in mammals contain a spectrum of slow‐ to fast‐twitch myofibres with varying levels of protein isoforms that determine their distinctive contractile, metabolic, and other properties. The variations in functional properties across the range of classic ‘slow’ to ‘fast’ myofibres are outlined, combined with exemplars of the predominantly slow‐twitch soleus and fast‐twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles, species comparisons, and techniques used to study these properties. Other intrinsic and extrinsic differences are discussed in the context of slow and fast myofibres. These include inherent susceptibility to damage, myonecrosis, and regeneration, plus extrinsic nerves, extracellular matrix, and vasculature, examined in the context of growth, ageing, metabolic syndrome, and sexual dimorphism. These many differences emphasise the importance of carefully considering the influence of myofibre‐type composition on manifestation of various neuromuscular disorders across the lifespan for both sexes. Equally, understanding the different responses of slow and fast myofibres due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors can provide deep insight into the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and exacerbate various neuromuscular disorders. This focus on the influence of different myofibre types is of fundamental importance to enhance translation for clinical management and therapies for many skeletal muscle disorders.

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Details

Published: Jul 21, 2023
Vol/Issue: 238(4)
License: View

Authors

E

Erin M. Lloyd

Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School Curtin University Bentley Western Australia Australia

G

Gavin J. Pinniger

Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia

R

Robyn M. Murphy

Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia

M

Miranda D. Grounds

Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia

Funding

Muscular Dystrophy Association Award: MDA418743

Cite This Article

Erin M. Lloyd, Gavin J. Pinniger, Robyn M. Murphy, et al. (2023). Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders. Acta Physiologica, 238(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.14012

Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders

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