Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease

Jordan E. Axelrad; Ken H. Cadwell; Jean‐Frederic Colombel; Shailja C. Shah

doi:10.1111/apt.15770

journal article May 05, 2020

Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease

Jordan E. Axelrad

Ken H. Cadwell Jean‐Frederic Colombel Shailja C. Shah

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Vol. 51 No. 12 pp. 1222-1232 · Wiley

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Abstract

SummaryBackgroundThe initiating events of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are not well‐defined, but GI infections are implicated.AimsTo define the role of GI infections in risk of incident inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and synthesise the current body of relevant translational data to provide biological context for associations between GI infections and IBD risk.MethodsWe systematically reviewed electronic databases through February 2020. Clinical studies that provided risk estimates of the association between GI infections and incident IBD were included. Inclusion criteria were broader for translational studies aiming to define mechanisms of GI infections and predisposition to or protection from IBD.ResultsOf the studies identified, 63 met full inclusion criteria. Among studies of clinical gastroenteritis, bacteria—specifically, Salmonella species, Campylobacter species and Clostridioides difficile—demonstrated consistent positive associations with risk of incident IBD. Of viruses, norovirus was associated with increased risk of incident CD. Regarding inverse associations with incident IBD, Helicobacter pylori and helminth infections were associated with a generally consistent reduced risk of IBD. Based on a qualitative analysis of the translational data, putative mechanisms involve multiple microbial and immunologic pathways.ConclusionsBased on this systematic review, certain enteric pathogens are associated with an increased risk of incident IBD, while others are potentially protective. Prospective studies are required to clarify the clinical implications of these enteric pathogens on the risk and course of IBD, and possible therapeutic or preventative benefit.

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Details

Published: May 05, 2020
Vol/Issue: 51(12)
Pages: 1222-1232
License: View

Authors

J

Jordan E. Axelrad

Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine NYU School of Medicine New York NY USA

K

Ken H. Cadwell

Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine NYU School of Medicine New York NY USA; Department of Microbiology NYU School of Medicine New York NY USA

J

Jean‐Frederic Colombel

Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA

S

Shailja C. Shah

Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA

Cite This Article

Jordan E. Axelrad, Ken H. Cadwell, Jean‐Frederic Colombel, et al. (2020). Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 51(12), 1222-1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15770

Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease

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