Effects of formaldehyde (
                    Parasite‐S
                    ®) on biofilter nitrification from a cold and a warm freshwater
                    RAS

Kim T. Fredricks; Susan M. Schleis; Justin R. Smerud; Mark P. Gaikowski; Richard A. Erickson; Jillian Hebert; Gregory J. Fischer; Kendall Holmes; Christopher Hartleb

doi:10.1111/are.16046

journal article Aug 25, 2022

Effects of formaldehyde ( Parasite‐S ®) on biofilter nitrification from a cold and a warm freshwater RAS

Susan M. Schleis Justin R. Smerud Mark P. Gaikowski Richard A. Erickson Jillian Hebert Gregory J. Fischer Kendall Holmes Christopher Hartleb

Aquaculture Research Vol. 53 No. 16 pp. 5647-5655 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/are.16046

Abstract

Abstract

The effect of Parasite‐S® (an aqueous formaldehyde solution) on the nitrification processes of biofilters was evaluated in two recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). Rearing tanks in the warmwater RAS contained yellow perch (
Perca flavescens
) and grass carp (
Ctenopharyngodon idella
) with an initial weight of 166.8 kg and a mean density of 39.5 kg/m
3
. Rearing tanks in the coldwater RAS contained rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) and lake trout (
Salvelinus namaycush
) with an initial weight of 1377.8 kg at a system density of 41.9 kg/m
3
. Parasite‐S® was administered to the entire system on four consecutive days in both trials to achieve a nominal concentration of 14.8 mg/L formaldehyde (40 mg/L formalin) at the biofilter. Removal efficiencies for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen were measured as indicators of biofilter nitrification processes. The active ingredient in Parasite‐S®, formaldehyde, was measured until it was below the method detection limit of 0.8 mg/L. TAN volumetric removal rate was significantly decreased in both systems after formaldehyde addition and remained below pre‐exposure efficiency in the coldwater RAS. Nitrite nitrogen volumetric removal rate was not significantly different, but the slope and intercepts were less after formaldehyde addition indicating an effect on the nitrifying bacteria. Although removal rates were decreased, no mortality occurred after four consecutive formaldehyde indefinite bath exposures in either system.

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Details

Published: Aug 25, 2022
Vol/Issue: 53(16)
Pages: 5647-5655
License: View

Authors

K

Kim T. Fredricks