Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization

Adriana J Umaña-Taylor; Stephen M Quintana; Richard M Lee; William E Cross; Deborah Rivas-Drake; Seth J Schwartz; Moin Syed; Tiffany Yip; Eleanor Seaton

doi:10.1111/cdev.12196

journal article Open Access Jan 01, 2014

Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization

Adriana J Umaña-Taylor Stephen M Quintana Richard M Lee William E Cross Deborah Rivas-Drake

Seth J Schwartz Moin Syed Tiffany Yip

Eleanor Seaton

Child Development Vol. 85 No. 1 pp. 21-39 · Oxford University Press (OUP)

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/cdev.12196

Abstract

Abstract
Although ethnic and racial identity (ERI) are central to the normative development of youth of color, there have been few efforts to bring scholars together to discuss the theoretical complexities of these constructs and provide a synthesis of existing work. The Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group was assembled for this purpose. This article provides an overview of the interface of ERI with developmental and contextual issues across development, with an emphasis on adolescence and young adulthood. It proposes a metaconstruct to capture experiences that reflect both individuals’ ethnic background and their racialized experiences in a specific sociohistorical context. Finally, it presents milestones in the development of ERI across developmental periods.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

123

[1]

Aboud (1988)

[2]

Armenta "Where are you from? A validation of the Foreigner Objectification Scale and the psychological correlates of foreigner objectification among Asian Americans and Latinos" Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology (2013) 10.1037/a0031547

[3]

Azmitia (2008)

[4]

Bair "Examining the consequences of exposure to racism for the executive functioning of Black students" Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (2010) 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.08.016

[5]

Baker (2012)

[6]

Baumeister "Identity as adaptation to social, cultural, and historical context" Journal of Adolescence (1996) 10.1006/jado.1996.0039

[7]

Berry "Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation" Applied Psychology (2006) 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x

[8]

Berzonsky "Pubertal timing and identity crisis: A preliminary investigation" Journal of Early Adolescence (1983) 10.1177/0272431683033006

[9]

Bowleg "When Black + Woman + Lesbian? ≠ Black Lesbian Woman: The methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research" Sex Roles (2008) 10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z

[10]

Boykin (1986)

[11]

Brewer "The social self: On being the same and different at the same time" Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (1991) 10.1177/0146167291175001

[12]

Bronfenbrenner "Ecological systems theory" Annals of Child Development (1989)

[13]

Brown (1990)

[14]

Casey-Cannon "Three racial and ethnic identity measures: Concurrent and divergent validity for diverse adolescents" Identity (2011) 10.1080/15283488.2011.540739

[15]

Cass "Homosexual identity formation: A theoretical model" Journal of Homosexuality (1979) 10.1300/j082v04n03_01

[16]

Chen "Collective self-verification among members of a naturally occurring group: Possible antecedents and long-term consequences" Basic and Applied Social Psychology (2006) 10.1207/s15324834basp2802_1

[17]

Chernyn "“Where are you really from?”: Asian Americans and identity denial" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2005) 10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.717

[18]

Clark "Emotional factors in racial identification and preference in Negro children" Journal of Negro Education (1950) 10.2307/2966491

[19]

Cokley "Racial(ized) identity, ethnic identity, and Afrocentric values: Conceptual and methodological challenges in understanding African American identity" Journal of Counseling Psychology (2005) 10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.517

[20]

Cokley "Critical issues in the measurement of ethnic and racial identity: A referendum on the state of the field" Journal of Counseling Psychology (2007) 10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.224

[21]

Crocker "Collective self-esteem and psychological well-being among White, Black, and Asian college students" Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (1994) 10.1177/0146167294205007

[22]

Cross "The Negro-to-Black conversion experience" Black World (1971)

[23]

Cross (1991)

[24]

Cross (1995)

[25]

Cross (2008)

[26]

Cross (2002)

[27]

Driedger "Ethnic identity: A comparison of ingroup evaluations" Sociometry (1976) 10.2307/2786213

[28]

Erikson (1950)

[29]

Erikson (1968)

[30]

Fanon (1994)

[31]

Festinger (1957) 10.1515/9781503620766

[32]

Franko "The role of body dissatisfaction as a risk factor for depression in adolescent girls: Are the differences Black and White?" Journal of Psychosomatic Research (2002) 10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00490-7

[33]

Freire (1970)

[34]

French "The development of ethnic identity during adolescence" Developmental Psychology (2006) 10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.1

[35]

García Coll "An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children" Child Development (1996) 10.2307/1131600

[36]

Gill (2010)

[37]

Goffman (1959)

[38]

Helms (1990)

[39]

Hermans "Self, identity, and globalization in times of uncertainty: A dialogical analysis" Review of General Psychology (2007) 10.1037/1089-2680.11.1.31

[40]

Hoefer (2012)

[41]

Huang "A longitudinal examination of early adolescence ethnic identity trajectories" Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (2011) 10.1037/a0023882

[42]

Hughes "Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study" Developmental Psychology (2006) 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747

[43]

Hurd "Natural mentors, racial identity, and educational attainment among African American adolescents: Exploring pathways to success" Child Development (2012) 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01769.x

[44]

Immigration Statistics Yearbook (2012)

[45]

Iwamoto "The impact of racial identity, ethnic identity, Asian values, and race-related stress on Asian Americans and Asian international college students’ psychological well-being" Journal of Counseling Psychology (2010) 10.1037/a0017393

[46]

Kiang "Relational expression of ethnic identity in Chinese Americans" Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (2007) 10.1177/0265407507075414

[47]

Kiang "Change in ethnic identity across the high school years among adolescents with Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds" Journal of Youth and Adolescence (2010) 10.1007/s10964-009-9429-5

[48]

Kim (2001)

[49]

Knight (1993)

[50]

Lee "The transracial adoption paradox history, research, and counseling implications of cultural socialization" The Counseling Psychologist (2003) 10.1177/0011000003258087

Showing 50 of 123 references

Cited By

935

Perspectives on Social Anxiety and Barriers to School‐Based Mental Health Services Among Black American Adolescents

Jeremy K. Fox, Grace Martin · 2025

Psychology in the Schools

Conflicting Identities: Challenges and Coping Strategies Among Multiethnic Youth in Israel

Shenhav Malul, Shireen Sokar · 2025

Journal of Loss and Trauma

Racial Socialization in the United States

Sylvia P. Perry, Jamie L. Abaied · 2025

Annual Review of Psychology

Religious development from adolescence to early adulthood among Muslim and Christian youth in Germany: A person-oriented approach

Olivia Spiegler, Jan O Jonsson · 2025

Child Development

Unraveling the Tapestry of Pain: A Comprehensive Review of Ethnic Variations, Cultural Influences, and Physiological Mechanisms in Pain Management and Perception

Neelay Shah, Rida Qazi · 2024

Cureus

Promoting Adolescents’ Personal and Social Identities: A Meta-Analysis of Psychosocial Interventions

Elisabetta Crocetti, Maria Pagano · 2024

Identity

Developmental trajectories of ethnic and national identities in adolescents from migrant families: The role of social identification with family and classmates

Savaş Karataş, Elisabetta Crocetti · 2023

European Journal of Personality

Intergenerational Communication about Historical Trauma in Asian American Families

Jieyi Cai, Richard M. Lee · 2022

Adversity and Resilience Science

“So, like, it’s all a mix of one”: Intersecting contexts of adolescents’ ethnic-racial socialization

Michael R Sladek, Adriana J. Umaña‐Taylor · 2022

Child Development

Confronting Whiteness in Developmental Science: Disrupting the Intergenerational Transmission of White Racism

Lisa B. Spanierman · 2022

Journal of Research on Adolescence

Resilience in Development and Psychopathology: Multisystem Perspectives

Ann S. Masten, Cara M. Lucke · 2021

Annual Review of Clinical Psycholog...

Dynamics of Identity Development in Adolescence: A Decade in Review

Susan Branje, Elisabeth L. de Moor · 2021

Journal of Research on Adolescence

The ethnic identity of transracially placed foster children with an ethnic minority background: A systematic literature review

Clementine J. Degener, Diana D. van Bergen · 2021

Children & Society

Through the looking glass: Ethnic racial socialization among children and adolescents

Martin D. Ruck, Diane L. Hughes · 2021

Journal of Social Issues

A Lifespan Model of Ethnic-Racial Identity

Chelsea Derlan Williams, Christy M. Byrd · 2020

Research in Human Development

The Multidimensional Model of Broaching Behavior

Norma L. Day‐Vines, Fallon Cluxton‐Keller · 2020

Journal of Counseling & Develop...

Ethnic–Racial Socialization in the Family: A Decade's Advance on Precursors and Outcomes

Adriana J. Umaña‐Taylor, Nancy E. Hill · 2020

Journal of Marriage and the Family

Critical incidents in the development of (multi)ethnic-racial identity: Experiences of individuals with mixed ethnic-racial backgrounds in the U.S.

Megan E. Cardwell, Jordan Soliz · 2020

Journal of Social and Personal Rela...

A latent class analysis of acculturation and depressive symptoms among Latino immigrants: Examining the role of social support

Elif Bulut, Mathew D. Gayman · 2020

International Journal of Intercultu...

Ethnic Diversity and Inclusive School Environments

Adrienne Nishina, Jakeem Amir Lewis · 2019

Educational Psychologist

Metrics

935

Citations

123

References

Details

Published: Jan 01, 2014
Vol/Issue: 85(1)
Pages: 21-39
License: View

Authors

A

Adriana J Umaña-Taylor

Arizona State University

S

Stephen M Quintana

University of Wisconsin

R

Richard M Lee

University of Minnesota

University of Denver

Brown University

University of Miami

University of Minnesota

Fordham University

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Funding

Society for Research in Child Development

Society for Research on Adolescence

APA Division 45

Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race in America

Center for the Study of Human Development

T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics at Arizona State University

Cite This Article

Adriana J Umaña-Taylor, Stephen M Quintana, Richard M Lee, et al. (2014). Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization. Child Development, 85(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12196

Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization

You May Also Like