Rapid adaptation through genomic and epigenomic responses following translocations in an endangered salmonid

Marco Crotti; Elizabeth Yohannes; Ian J. Winfield; Alex A. Lyle; Colin E. Adams; Kathryn R. Elmer

doi:10.1111/eva.13267

journal article Open Access Jul 06, 2021

Rapid adaptation through genomic and epigenomic responses following translocations in an endangered salmonid

Marco Crotti

Elizabeth Yohannes Ian J. Winfield Alex A. Lyle Colin E. Adams

Kathryn R. Elmer

Evolutionary Applications Vol. 14 No. 10 pp. 2470-2489 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/eva.13267

Abstract

AbstractIdentifying the molecular mechanisms facilitating adaptation to new environments is a key question in evolutionary biology, especially in the face of current rapid and human‐induced changes. Translocations have become an important tool for species conservation, but the attendant small population sizes and new ecological pressures might affect phenotypic and genotypic variation and trajectories dramatically and in unknown ways. In Scotland, the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is native to only two lakes and vulnerable to extirpation. Six new refuge populations were established over the last 30 years as a conservation measure. In this study, we examined whether there is a predictable ecological and evolutionary response of these fishes to translocation. We found eco‐morphological differences, as functional traits relating to body shape differed between source and refuge populations. Dual isotopic analyses suggested some ecological release, with the diets in refuge populations being more diverse than in source populations. Analyses of up to 9117 genome‐mapped SNPs showed that refuge populations had reduced genetic diversity and elevated inbreeding and relatedness relative to source populations, though genomic differentiation was low (FST = 0.002–0.030). We identified 14 genomic SNPs that showed shared signals of a selective response to translocations, including some located near or within genes involved in the immune system, nervous system and hepatic functions. Analysis of up to 120,897 epigenomic loci identified a component of consistent differential methylation between source and refuge populations. We found that epigenomic variation and genomic variation were associated with morphological variation, but we were not able to infer an effect of population age because the patterns were also linked with the methodology of the translocations. These results show that conservation‐driven translocations affect evolutionary potential by impacting eco‐morphological, genomic and epigenomic components of diversity, shedding light on acclimation and adaptation process in these contexts.

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Details

Published: Jul 06, 2021
Vol/Issue: 14(10)
Pages: 2470-2489
License: View

Authors

M

Marco Crotti

Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK

E

Elizabeth Yohannes

Limnological Institute University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany

I

Ian J. Winfield

Lake Ecosystems Group UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg, Lancaster UK

A

Alex A. Lyle

Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment University of Glasgow Rowardennan UK

C

Colin E. Adams

Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment University of Glasgow Rowardennan UK

K

Kathryn R. Elmer

Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK

Cite This Article

Marco Crotti, Elizabeth Yohannes, Ian J. Winfield, et al. (2021). Rapid adaptation through genomic and epigenomic responses following translocations in an endangered salmonid. Evolutionary Applications, 14(10), 2470-2489. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13267

Rapid adaptation through genomic and epigenomic responses following translocations in an endangered salmonid

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