Population Genomics of the Blue Shark, Prionace glauca, Reveals Different Populations in the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic

ABSTRACTPopulations of marine top predators have been sharply declining during the past decades, and one‐third of chondrichthyans are currently threatened with extinction. Sustainable management measures and conservation plans of large pelagic sharks require knowledge on population genetic differentiation and demographic connectivity. Here, we present the case of the Mediterranean blue shark (Prionace glauca, L. 1758), commonly found as bycatch in longline fisheries and classified by the IUCN as critically endangered. The management of this species suffers from a scarcity of data about population structure and connectivity within the Mediterranean Sea and between this basin and the adjacent Northeast Atlantic. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity and spatial structure of blue shark from different areas of the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic through genome scan analyses. Pairwise genetic differentiation estimates (FST) on 203 specimens genotyped at 14,713 ddRAD‐derived SNPs revealed subtle, yet significant, genetic differences within the Mediterranean sampling locations, and between the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Genetic differentiation suggests some degree of demographic independence between the Western and Eastern Mediterranean blue shark populations. Furthermore, results show limited genetic connectivity between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic basins, supporting the hypothesis of two distinct populations of blue shark separated by the Strait of Gibraltar. Although reproductive interactions may be limited, the faint genetic signal of differentiation suggests a recent common history between these units. Therefore, Mediterranean blue sharks may function akin to a metapopulation relying upon local demographic processes and connectivity dynamics, whereby the limited contemporary gene flow replenishment from the Atlantic may interplay with currently poorly regulated commercial catches and large‐scale ecosystem changes. Altogether, these results emphasise the need for revising management delineations applied to these critically endangered sharks.

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Published: Sep 01, 2024
Vol/Issue: 17(9)
License: View

Authors

A

AGOSTINO LEONE

Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment University of Bologna Ravenna Italy; MARBEC – University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Sète France; Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM) University of Palermo Palermo Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center Palermo Italy

S

Sophie Arnaud‐Haond

MARBEC – University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Sète France

M

Massimiliano Babbucci

Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of Padova Legnaro Italy

L

Luca Bargelloni

Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of Padova Legnaro Italy

I

Ilaria Coscia

Marine Institute Rinville, Oranmore Ireland

D

Dimitrios Damalas

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Ispra Italy; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Former US Base at Gournes Heraklion Crete Greece

C

Chrystelle Delord

MARBEC – University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Sète France

R

Rafaella Franch

Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of Padova Legnaro Italy

F

Fulvio Garibaldi

Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences University of Genova Genova Italy

D

David Macías

Instituto Español de Oceanografía Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga Malaga Spain

S

Stefano Mariani

School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK

J

Jann Martinsohn

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Ispra Italy

P

Persefoni Megalofonou

Department of Zoology‐Marine Biology, Faculty of Biology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece

P

Primo Micarelli

Sharks Studies Center—Scientific Institute Massa Marittima Italy

N

Natacha Nikolic

INRAE, Ecobiop, AQUA Saint‐pée‐sur‐Nivelle France

P

Paulo A. Prodöhl

Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK

E

EMILIO SPERONE

Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy

M

Marco Stagioni

Laboratory of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA) University of Bologna Fano Italy

A

Antonella Zanzi

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Ispra Italy

A

Alessia Cariani

Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment University of Bologna Ravenna Italy

F

Fausto Tinti

Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment University of Bologna Ravenna Italy

Cite This Article

AGOSTINO LEONE, Sophie Arnaud‐Haond, Massimiliano Babbucci, et al. (2024). Population Genomics of the Blue Shark, Prionace glauca, Reveals Different Populations in the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic. Evolutionary Applications, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70005

Population Genomics of the Blue Shark, Prionace glauca, Reveals Different Populations in the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic

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