“Two‐Eyed Seeing”: An Indigenous framework to transform fisheries research and management

Andrea J. Reid; Lauren E. Eckert; John‐Francis Lane; Nathan Young; Scott G. Hinch; Chris T. Darimont; Natalie C. Ban; Albert Marshall

doi:10.1111/faf.12516

journal article Open Access Oct 19, 2020

“Two‐Eyed Seeing”: An Indigenous framework to transform fisheries research and management

Andrea J. Reid

Lauren E. Eckert

John‐Francis Lane

Nathan Young

Scott G. Hinch Chris T. Darimont Natalie C. Ban

Albert Marshall

Fish and Fisheries Vol. 22 No. 2 pp. 243-261 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/faf.12516

Abstract

AbstractIncreasingly, fisheries researchers and managers seek or are compelled to “bridge” Indigenous knowledge systems with Western scientific approaches to understanding and governing fisheries. Here, we move beyond the all‐too‐common narrative about integrating or incorporating (too often used as euphemisms for assimilating) other knowledge systems into Western science, instead of building an ethic of knowledge coexistence and complementarity in knowledge generation using Two‐Eyed Seeing as a guiding framework. Two‐Eyed Seeing (Etuaptmumkin Mi’kmaw) embraces “learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous knowledges and ways of knowing, and from the other eye with the strengths of mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing, and to use both these eyes together, for the benefit of all,” as envisaged by Elder Dr. Albert Marshall. In this paper, we examine the notion of knowledge dichotomies and imperatives for knowledge coexistence and draw parallels between Two‐Eyed Seeing and other analogous Indigenous frameworks from around the world. It is set apart from other Indigenous frameworks in its explicit action imperative—central to Two‐Eyed Seeing is the notion that knowledge transforms the holder and that the holder bears a responsibility to act on that knowledge. We explore its operationalization through three Canadian aquatic and fisheries case‐studies that co‐develop questions, document and mobilize knowledge, and co‐produce insights and decisions. We argue that Two‐Eyed Seeing provides a pathway to a plural coexistence, where time‐tested Indigenous knowledge systems can be paired with, not subsumed by, Western scientific insights for an equitable and sustainable future.

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Details

Published: Oct 19, 2020
Vol/Issue: 22(2)
Pages: 243-261
License: View

Authors

A

Andrea J. Reid

Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

L

Lauren E. Eckert

Department of Geography University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada; Raincoast Conservation Foundation Denny Island BC Canada

J

John‐Francis Lane

Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada

N

Nathan Young

School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada

S

Scott G. Hinch

Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

C

Chris T. Darimont

Department of Geography University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada; Raincoast Conservation Foundation Denny Island BC Canada

N

Natalie C. Ban

School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada

A

Albert Marshall

Knowledge: Education and Cultural Consultant Associates (KECCA) Eskasoni NS Canada

Cite This Article

Andrea J. Reid, Lauren E. Eckert, John‐Francis Lane, et al. (2020). “Two‐Eyed Seeing”: An Indigenous framework to transform fisheries research and management. Fish and Fisheries, 22(2), 243-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12516

“Two‐Eyed Seeing”: An Indigenous framework to transform fisheries research and management

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