Ecological genomics of tropical trees: how local population size and allelic diversity of resistance genes relate to immune responses, cosusceptibility to pathogens, and negative density dependence

J. H. Marden; S. A. Mangan; M. P. Peterson; E. Wafula; H. W. Fescemyer; J. P. Der; C. W. dePamphilis; L. S. Comita

doi:10.1111/mec.13999

journal article Feb 01, 2017

Ecological genomics of tropical trees: how local population size and allelic diversity of resistance genes relate to immune responses, cosusceptibility to pathogens, and negative density dependence

J. H. Marden

S. A. Mangan M. P. Peterson E. Wafula H. W. Fescemyer J. P. Der C. W. dePamphilis L. S. Comita

Molecular Ecology Vol. 26 No. 9 pp. 2498-2513 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/mec.13999

Abstract

AbstractIn tropical forests, rarer species show increased sensitivity to species‐specific soil pathogens and more negative effects of conspecific density on seedling survival (NDD). These patterns suggest a connection between ecology and immunity, perhaps because small population size disproportionately reduces genetic diversity of hyperdiverse loci such as immunity genes. In an experiment examining seedling roots from six species in one tropical tree community, we found that smaller populations have reduced amino acid diversity in pathogen resistance (R) genes but not the transcriptome in general. Normalized R gene amino acid diversity varied with local abundance and prior measures of differences in sensitivity to conspecific soil and NDD. After exposure to live soil, species with lower R gene diversity had reduced defence gene induction, more cosusceptibility of maternal cohorts to colonization by potentially pathogenic fungi, reduced root growth arrest (an R gene‐mediated response) and their root‐associated fungi showed lower induction of self‐defence (antioxidants). Local abundance was not related to the ability to induce immune responses when pathogen recognition was bypassed by application of salicylic acid, a phytohormone that activates defence responses downstream of R gene signalling. These initial results support the hypothesis that smaller local tree populations have reduced R gene diversity and recognition‐dependent immune responses, along with greater cosusceptibility to species‐specific pathogens that may facilitate disease transmission and NDD. Locally rare species may be less able to increase their equilibrium abundance without genetic boosts to defence via immigration of novel R gene alleles from a larger and more diverse regional population.

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Details

Published: Feb 01, 2017
Vol/Issue: 26(9)
Pages: 2498-2513
License: View

Authors

J

J. H. Marden

Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

S

S. A. Mangan

Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute República de Panamá 0843‐03092 Panama Panama

M

M. P. Peterson

Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

E

E. Wafula

Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

H

H. W. Fescemyer

Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

J

J. P. Der

Department of Biological Science California State University Fullerton CA 92834 USA

C

C. W. dePamphilis

Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

L

L. S. Comita

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute República de Panamá 0843‐03092 Panama Panama; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven CT 06511 USA

Funding

National Science Foundation Award: DEB‐1120476

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

Small World Institute Fund

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences

Center for Tropical Forest Science

Cite This Article

J. H. Marden, S. A. Mangan, M. P. Peterson, et al. (2017). Ecological genomics of tropical trees: how local population size and allelic diversity of resistance genes relate to immune responses, cosusceptibility to pathogens, and negative density dependence. Molecular Ecology, 26(9), 2498-2513. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13999

Ecological genomics of tropical trees: how local population size and allelic diversity of resistance genes relate to immune responses, cosusceptibility to pathogens, and negative density dependence

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