Optical properties of developing pip and stone fruit reveal underlying structural changes

Birgit Seifert; Manuela Zude; Lorenzo Spinelli; Alessandro Torricelli

doi:10.1111/ppl.12232

journal article Jun 18, 2014

Optical properties of developing pip and stone fruit reveal underlying structural changes

Birgit Seifert Manuela Zude Lorenzo Spinelli Alessandro Torricelli

Physiologia Plantarum Vol. 153 No. 2 pp. 327-336 · Wiley

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Abstract

Analyzing the optical properties of fruits represents a powerful approach for non‐destructive observations of fruit development. With classical spectroscopy in the visible and near‐infrared wavelength ranges, the apparent attenuation of light results from its absorption or scattering. In horticultural applications, frequently, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is employed to reduce the effects of varying scattering properties on the apparent signal. However, this simple approach appears to be limited. In the laboratory, with time‐resolved reflectance spectroscopy, the absorption coefficient, μa, and the reduced scattering coefficient, μs′, can be analyzed separately. In this study, these differentiated optical properties were recorded (540–940 nm), probing fruit tissue from the skin up to 2 cm depth in apple (Malus × domestica ‘Elstar’) and plum (Prunus domestica ‘Tophit plus’) harvested four times (65–145 days after full bloom). The μa spectra showed typical peak at 670 nm of the chlorophyll absorption. The μs′ at 670 nm in apple changed by 14.7% (18.2–15.5 cm−1), while in plum differences of 41.5% (8.5–5.0 cm−1) were found. The scattering power, the relative change of μs′, was zero in apple, but enhanced in plum over the fruit development period. This mirrors more isotropic and constant structures in apple compared with plum. For horticultural applications, the larger variability in scattering properties of plum explains the discrepancy between commercially assessed NDVI values or similar indices and the absolute μa values in plum (R < 0.05), while the NDVI approach appeared reasonable in apple (R ≥ 0.80).

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Citations

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References

Details

Published: Jun 18, 2014
Vol/Issue: 153(2)
Pages: 327-336
License: View

Authors

B

Birgit Seifert

Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam‐Bornim 14469 Potsdam Germany

M

Manuela Zude

Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam‐Bornim 14469 Potsdam Germany; Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin 13353 Berlin Germany

L

Lorenzo Spinelli

Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR 20133 Milan Italy

A

Alessandro Torricelli

Politecnico di Milano 20133 Milan Italy

Funding

LASERLAB-EUROPE, EU FP7 Award: 284464

Cite This Article

Birgit Seifert, Manuela Zude, Lorenzo Spinelli, et al. (2014). Optical properties of developing pip and stone fruit reveal underlying structural changes. Physiologia Plantarum, 153(2), 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12232

Optical properties of developing pip and stone fruit reveal underlying structural changes

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