Characterization of the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit and the basal shear zone: Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Sebastian Cardona; Lesli J. Wood; Brandon Dugan; Zane Jobe; Lorna J. Strachan

doi:10.1111/sed.12697

journal article Feb 05, 2020

Characterization of the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit and the basal shear zone: Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Sebastian Cardona

Lesli J. Wood Brandon Dugan Zane Jobe Lorna J. Strachan

Sedimentology Vol. 67 No. 4 pp. 2111-2148 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/sed.12697

Abstract

AbstractSubmarine mass‐transport deposits are important in many ancient and modern basins. Mass‐transport deposits can play a significant role in exploration as reservoir, seal or source units. Although seismic data has advanced the knowledge about these deposits, more outcrop studies are needed to better understand gravity mass flows and predict the properties of their resultant deposits. It is proposed that sufficiently well‐exposed outcrops of mass‐transport deposits can be divided into three strain‐dominant morphodomains: headwall, translational and toe. The outcrops of the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit, part of the Lower Mount Messenger Formation in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, are exposed along a ca 4 km transect in coastal cliffs that enable the identification of the three morphodomains. The aim of this study is to characterize the stratigraphic and sedimentological nature of the Miocene‐age Rapanui mass‐transport deposit outcrops and the evolution of its basal shear zone. The basal shear zone of a mass‐transport deposit is defined as the stratal zone formed in the interface between the overriding mass flow and the underlying in situ deposits or sea floor. Accordingly, the deformation structures in the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit and the basal shear zone were documented in an established spatial framework. Traditional methodologies were used to characterize the sedimentology of the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit. Data collected from intrafolial folds, rafted blocks and samples from the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit were used to investigate strain and matrix texture evolution, estimate palaeoflow direction, and calculate yield strength and overpressure at time of deposition. Additionally, a one‐dimensional numerical model was used to test sedimentation‐driven overpressure as probable trigger. This work demonstrates that the basal shear zone, as well as the matrix texture of a mass‐transport deposit, can vary spatially as sediments from underlying deposits are entrained during shear‐derived mixing. This phenomenon can impact the seal potential of mass‐transport deposits and their interaction with fluids in the subsurface.

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Details

Published: Feb 05, 2020
Vol/Issue: 67(4)
Pages: 2111-2148
License: View

Authors

S

Sebastian Cardona

Geology and Geological Engineering Department Colorado School of Mines 1516 Illinois St. Golden CO 80401 USA

L

Lesli J. Wood

Geology and Geological Engineering Department Colorado School of Mines 1516 Illinois St. Golden CO 80401 USA

B

Brandon Dugan

Geophysics Department Colorado School of Mines 1318 Maple St., Bldg. 6 Golden CO 80401 USA

Z

Zane Jobe

Geology and Geological Engineering Department Colorado School of Mines 1516 Illinois St. Golden CO 80401 USA

L

Lorna J. Strachan

Earth Science School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Cite This Article

Sebastian Cardona, Lesli J. Wood, Brandon Dugan, et al. (2020). Characterization of the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit and the basal shear zone: Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Sedimentology, 67(4), 2111-2148. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12697

Characterization of the Rapanui mass‐transport deposit and the basal shear zone: Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

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