Trend of changes in epidermal biophysical properties in the Chinese aged 1 month to 17‐year old

Abstract

Background
Although it is known that epidermal biophysical properties vary with age and gender, the changes in epidermal biophysical properties over the time from baby to adolescence have not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we assessed the trend of changes in transepidermal water loss rates (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration, and skin surface pH in Chinese children.


Participants and methods
A total of 780 boys and 610 girls, aged 1 month to 17‐year old, were enrolled in this study. TEWL and stratum corneum hydration on the forearm and the shin were measured with GPSkin Barrier, whereas skin surface pH was measured with portable skin pH meter.


Results
Overall, TEWL and stratum corneum hydration levels decreased, whereas skin surface pH increased in children from 1‐month old to 17‐year old. Significant decline in TEWL was observed on both the forearm and the shin of girls, and the shin of boys aged 13–17‐year old. Similarly, marked decline in stratum corneum hydration levels started at ages of 6–12‐year old. In contrast, decline in skin surface pH was observed in both girls and boys aged one to 12‐month old except on the forearm of boys. Afterward, skin surface pH remained either stable or slight increase except on the shin of boys aged >12 months to 3‐year old.


Conclusions
These results demonstrate that both TEWL and stratum corneum hydration levels decrease, whereas skin surface pH increases in children aged 1 month to 17‐year old. The changes in these biophysical properties vary with age, gender, and body site.