Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

George A. Brooks; Jose A. Arevalo; Adam D. Osmond; Robert G. Leija; Casey C. Curl; Ashley P. Tovar

doi:10.1113/jp280955

journal article Open Access Feb 25, 2021

Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

George A. Brooks

Jose A. Arevalo Adam D. Osmond Robert G. Leija Casey C. Curl Ashley P. Tovar

The Journal of Physiology Vol. 600 No. 5 pp. 1229-1251 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1113/jp280955

Abstract

AbstractAfter a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo. Cell‐cell and intracellular lactate shuttles fulfil purposes of energy substrate production and distribution, as well as cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal and satiety signalling has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristics such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, and memory. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signalling and shuttling are dysregulated as occurs in particular illnesses and injuries. Like a phoenix, lactate has risen to major importance in 21st century biology.
image

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

226

[1]

10.1172/jci110440

[2]

10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.012

[3]

10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.08.003

[4]

10.1007/s004210050449

[5]

10.1371/journal.pone.0000927

[6]

10.1083/jcb.51.3.621

[7]

10.1016/0005-2728(78)90104-4

[8]

10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.222.2.373

[9]

10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.220.2.410

[10]

10.1152/jappl.1970.28.6.762

[11]

10.1074/jbc.271.7.3846

[12]

10.1093/humrep/deaa047

[13]

10.1042/bst0340811

[14]

10.1038/jcbfm.2014.206

[15]

10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.1.e81

[16]

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.2.e244

[17]

10.1152/ajpendo.90747.2008

[18]

10.1113/jphysiol.2008.168286

[19]

10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1684

[20]

10.1152/jappl.1993.74.3.1342

[21]

10.1152/jappl.1999.86.6.2077

[22]

10.1016/j.tem.2004.07.003

[23]

10.1016/0003-9861(87)90507-8

[24]

10.1126/science.1218099

[25]

10.1007/978-3-642-70610-3_15

[26]

10.1249/00005768-198502000-00005

[27]

Brooks GA "Lactate production under fully aerobic conditions: the lactate shuttle during rest and exercise" Fed Proc (1986)

[28]

10.1097/00005768-200004000-00011

[29]

10.1042/bst0300258

[30]

10.1113/jphysiol.2009.178350

[31]

The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory

George A. Brooks

Cell Metabolism 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008

[32]

10.1016/j.redox.2020.101454

[33]

10.3390/ijms21165733

[34]

10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.006

[35]

10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.5.1162

[36]

10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1713

[37]

10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1713

[38]

10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1713

[39]

10.1152/jappl.1991.71.1.333

[40]

10.1152/ajpendo.1983.244.5.e505

[41]

10.1073/pnas.96.3.1129

[42]

Brooks GA (2019)

[43]

10.1152/jappl.1980.49.6.1057

[44]

Brooks GA "Cerebral metabolism following traumatic brain injury: new discoveries with implications for treatment" Front Neurosci (2014)

[45]

10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2253

[46]

10.1006/abbi.1994.1353

[47]

Brown TP "The lactate receptor GPR81 promotes breast cancer growth via a paracrine mechanism involving antigen‐presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment" Oncogene (2020)

[48]

10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.088

[49]

10.1038/nchembio.2172

[50]

10.1113/jphysiol.2004.063859

Showing 50 of 226 references

Cited By

208

Bacterial microbiome analysis of vaginal, cervical, and endometrial samples in patients with adenomyosis during the window of implantation

Nika Troha, Tomaž M. Zorec · 2026

Microbiology Spectrum

The metabolic response to stress in critical illness: updated review on the pathophysiological mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic implications

Raphael Mottale, Claire Dupuis · 2025

Annals of Intensive Care

High intensity interval training and its impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a potential mechanism to reduce early onset dementia

Brendan J O’Brien, Stuart Evans · 2025

Medical Hypotheses

Metrics

208

Citations

226

References

Details

Published: Feb 25, 2021
Vol/Issue: 600(5)
Pages: 1229-1251
License: View

Authors

G

George A. Brooks