In Search of Pollution Havens? Dirty Industry in the World Economy, 1960 to 1995

Muthukumara Mani; David Wheeler

doi:10.1177/107049659800700302

journal article Sep 01, 1998

In Search of Pollution Havens? Dirty Industry in the World Economy, 1960 to 1995

Muthukumara Mani David Wheeler

The Journal of Environment & Development Vol. 7 No. 3 pp. 215-247 · SAGE Publications

View at Publisher Save 10.1177/107049659800700302

Abstract

The past three decades have witnessed rapid economic development, particularly in countries that have pursued relatively open economic policies. Rising environmental awareness in the 1960s also led to a rapid tightening of pollution regulation in the industrial economies. According to the "pollution havens" hypothesis, the result should have been more rapid growth of dirty industries in unregulated economies that were open to international trade. Using data for the period 1960 to 1995, the authors find that the displacement of pollution to developing countries has not been a major phenomenon for several reasons. Tendencies toward formation of pollution havens have been self-limiting because economic growth has generated countervailing effects through increases in regulation, technical expertise, and investment in cleaner production. In practice, the authors argue that pollution havens have apparently been as transient as low-wage havens.

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Details

Published: Sep 01, 1998
Vol/Issue: 7(3)
Pages: 215-247
License: View

Authors

Cite This Article

Muthukumara Mani, David Wheeler (1998). In Search of Pollution Havens? Dirty Industry in the World Economy, 1960 to 1995. The Journal of Environment & Development, 7(3), 215-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/107049659800700302

In Search of Pollution Havens? Dirty Industry in the World Economy, 1960 to 1995

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