Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model

Tiffany M. Newman; Carol A. Shively; Thomas C. Register; Susan E. Appt; Hariom Yadav; Rita R. Colwell; Brian Fanelli; Manoj Dadlani; Karlis Graubics; Uyen Thao Nguyen; Sivapriya Ramamoorthy; Beth Uberseder; Kenysha Y. J. Clear; Adam S. Wilson; Kimberly D. Reeves; Mark C. Chappell; Janet A. Tooze; Katherine L. Cook

doi:10.1186/s40168-021-01069-y

journal article Open Access May 05, 2021

Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model

Tiffany M. Newman Carol A. Shively Thomas C. Register

Susan E. Appt Hariom Yadav

Rita R. Colwell

Brian Fanelli Manoj Dadlani Karlis Graubics Uyen Thao Nguyen Sivapriya Ramamoorthy

Beth Uberseder Kenysha Y. J. Clear Adam S. Wilson Kimberly D. Reeves Mark C. Chappell Janet A. Tooze Katherine L. Cook

Microbiome Vol. 9 No. 1 · Springer Science and Business Media LLC

View at Publisher Save 10.1186/s40168-021-01069-y

Abstract

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to increase understanding of the complex interactions between diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome of adult female non-human primates (NHPs). Subjects consumed either a Western (n=15) or Mediterranean (n=14) diet designed to represent human dietary patterns for 31 months. Body composition was determined using CT, fecal samples were collected, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Gut microbiome results were grouped by diet and adiposity.

Results
Diet was the main contributor to gut microbiome bacterial diversity. Adiposity within each diet was associated with subtle shifts in the proportional abundance of several taxa. Mediterranean diet-fed NHPs with lower body fat had a greater proportion of Lactobacillus animalis than their higher body fat counterparts. Higher body fat Western diet-fed NHPs had more Ruminococcus champaneliensis and less Bacteroides uniformis than their low body fat counterparts. Western diet-fed NHPs had significantly higher levels of Prevotella copri than Mediterranean diet NHPs. Western diet-fed subjects were stratified by P. copri abundance (P. copriHIGH versus P. copriLOW), which was not associated with adiposity. Overall, Western diet-fed animals in the P. copriHIGH group showed greater proportional abundance of B. ovatus, B. faecis, P. stercorea, P. brevis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii than those in the Western P. copriLOW group. Western diet P. copriLOW subjects had a greater proportion of Eubacterium siraeum. E. siraeum negatively correlated with P. copri proportional abundance regardless of dietary consumption. In the Western diet group, Shannon diversity was significantly higher in P. copriLOW when compared to P. copriHIGH subjects. Furthermore, gut E. siraeum abundance positively correlated with HDL plasma cholesterol indicating that those in the P. copriLOW population may represent a more metabolically healthy population. Untargeted metabolomics on urine and plasma from Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH and P. copriLOW subjects suggest early kidney dysfunction in Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH subjects.

Conclusions
In summary, the data indicate diet to be the major influencer of gut bacterial diversity. However, diet and adiposity must be considered together when analyzing changes in abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Interestingly, P. copri appears to mediate metabolic dysfunction in Western diet-fed NHPs.

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Microbiome

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Details

Published: May 05, 2021
Vol/Issue: 9(1)
License: View

Authors

T

Tiffany M. Newman

Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Center of Marine Biotechnology, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

Sivapriya Ramamoorthy

Funding

National Institutes of Health Award: HL-087103

American Cancer Society Award: RSG-16-204-01-NEC

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Award: W81XWH-20-1-0014

Susan G. Komen Award: CCR18547795

Cite This Article

Tiffany M. Newman, Carol A. Shively, Thomas C. Register, et al. (2021). Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model. Microbiome, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01069-y

Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model

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