A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae)

Ricarda Riina; Jess A. Peirson; Dmitry V. Geltman; Julián Molero; Božo Frajman; Amirhossein Pahlevani; Laia Barres; Jeffery J. Morawetz; YASAMAN SALMAKI; Shahin Zarre; Aleksey Kryukov; Peter V. Bruyns; Paul E. Berry

doi:10.12705/622.3

journal article Apr 01, 2013

A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae)

Ricarda Riina

Jess A. Peirson Dmitry V. Geltman Julián Molero Božo Frajman

Amirhossein Pahlevani Laia Barres Jeffery J. Morawetz YASAMAN SALMAKI Shahin Zarre Aleksey Kryukov Peter V. Bruyns Paul E. Berry

TAXON Vol. 62 No. 2 pp. 316-342 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.12705/622.3

Abstract

AbstractThe leafy spurges, Euphorbia subg. Esula, make up one of four main lineages in Euphorbia. The subgenus comprises about 480 species, most of which are annual or perennial herbs, but with a small number of dendroid shrubs and nearly leafless, pencil–stemmed succulents as well. The subgenus constitutes the primary northern temperate radiation in Euphorbia. While the subgenus is most diverse from central Asia to the Mediterranean region, members of the group also occur in Africa, in the Indo–Pacific region, and in the New World. We have assembled the largest worldwide sampling of the group to date (273 spp.), representing most of the taxonomic and geographic breadth of the subgenus. We performed phylogenetic analyses of sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid ndhF regions. Our individual and combined analyses produced well–resolved phylogenies that confirm many of the previously recognized clades and also establish a number of novel groupings and placements of previously enigmatic species. Euphorbia subg. Esula has a clear Eurasian center of diversity, and we provide evidence for four independent arrivals to the New World and three separate colonizations of tropical and southern Africa. One of the latter groups further extends to Madagascar and New Zealand, and to more isolated islands such as Réunion and Samoa. Our results confirm that the dendroid shrub and stem–succulent growth forms are derived conditions in E. subg. Esula. Stem–succulents arose twice in the subgenus and dendroid shrubs three times. Based on the molecular phylogeny, we propose a new classification for E. subg. Esula that recognizes 21 sections (four of them newly described and two elevated from subsectional rank), and we place over 95% of the accepted species in the subgenus into this new classification.

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Details

Published: Apr 01, 2013
Vol/Issue: 62(2)
Pages: 316-342
License: View

Authors

R

Ricarda Riina

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan 830 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1048 U.S.A.; Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC Plaza de Murillo 2 Madrid 28014 Spain

J

Jess A. Peirson

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan 830 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1048 U.S.A.

D

Dmitry V. Geltman

Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Prof. Popov Street St. Petersburg 197376 Russia

J

Julián Molero

Laboratori de Botànica Facultat de Farmàcia Universitat de Barcelona Avda. Joan XXIII s.n., Barcelona 08028 Spain

B

Božo Frajman

Institute of Botany University of Innsbruck Sternwartestrasse 15 Innsbruck 6020 Austria

A

Amirhossein Pahlevani

Department of Plant Systematics University of Bayreuth Bayreuth 95440 Germany; Department of Botany Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection P.O. Box 1454 Tehran 19395 Iran

L

Laia Barres

Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB) Pg. del Migdia s.n. Barcelona 08038 Spain

J

Jeffery J. Morawetz

Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 North College Ave. Claremont California 91711-3157 U.S.A.

Y

YASAMAN SALMAKI

Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms Department of Plant Science School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran

S

Shahin Zarre

Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms Department of Plant Science School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran

A

Aleksey Kryukov

Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Prof. Popov Street St. Petersburg 197376 Russia

P

Peter V. Bruyns

Bolus Herbarium University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa

P

Paul E. Berry

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan 830 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1048 U.S.A.

Cite This Article

Ricarda Riina, Jess A. Peirson, Dmitry V. Geltman, et al. (2013). A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae). TAXON, 62(2), 316-342. https://doi.org/10.12705/622.3

A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae)

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