Principles to tailor the saturable and reverse saturable absorption of epsilon-near-zero material

Hao Ma; Yuanan Zhao; Yuchen Shao; Yafei Lian; Weili Zhang; Guohang Hu; Yuxin Leng; Jianda Shao

doi:10.1364/prj.417642

journal article Apr 15, 2021

Principles to tailor the saturable and reverse saturable absorption of epsilon-near-zero material

Hao Ma

Yuanan Zhao

Yuchen Shao Yafei Lian Weili Zhang

Guohang Hu Yuxin Leng

Jianda Shao

Photonics Research Vol. 9 No. 5 pp. 678 · Optica Publishing Group

View at Publisher Save 10.1364/prj.417642

Abstract

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films have recently emerged as a new class of functional materials for nonlinear optical (NLO) devices due to their exotic properties around epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) wavelength. Here, we experimentally investigated and tailored the NLO absorption properties of ITO films. The NLO absorption response of ITO films is investigated by using the femtosecond Z-scan measurement technique at two different wavelengths of 1030 nm (out of ENZ region) and 1440 nm (within ENZ region). Interestingly, we observed conversion behavior from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) at 1030 nm with the increasing incident laser intensity, whereas only SA behavior was observed at 1440 nm. We demonstrate that SA behavior was ascribed to ground-state free electrons bleaching in the conduction band, and RSA was attributed to three-photon absorption. Moreover, results reveal that ITO film shows more excellent SA performance at 1440 nm with a nonlinear absorption coefficient of

∼
−
23.2

cm
/
GW

and a figure of merit of

∼
1.2
2
×

10

−
1
6

esu
·
cm

. Furthermore, we tailored the SA and RSA behaviors of ITO films at 1030 and 1440 nm wavelengths via post-annealing treatment. The modulatable NLO absorption was ascribed to the changing of free-carrier concentration in ITO films via annealing treatment. The experimental findings offered an inroad for researchers to tailor its NLO absorption properties by changing the free-carrier concentration through chemical modification such as annealing, oxidation, or defect implantation. The superior and tunable nonlinear optical response suggests that ITO film might be employed as a new class material with potential applications in novel optical switches or optical limiters to realize the all-optical information process.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

53

[1]

Wang J. Phys. D (2010) 10.1088/0022-3727/43/3/035403

[2]

Wager Science (2003) 10.1126/science.1085276

[3]

Granqvist Thin Solid Films (2002) 10.1016/s0040-6090(02)00163-3

[4]

Taha Appl. Surf. Sci. (2020) 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147164

[5]

Li Photon. Res. (2020) 10.1364/prj.398450

[6]

Li Photon. Res. (2019) 10.1364/prj.7.000473

[7]

Adams Phys. Rev. Lett. (2011) 10.1103/physrevlett.107.133901

[8]

Wang Phys. Status Solidi A (2019) 10.1002/pssa.201700794

[9]

Javani Phys. Rev. Lett. (2016) 10.1103/physrevlett.117.107404

[10]

Carnemolla Opt. Mater. Express (2018) 10.1364/ome.8.003392

[11]

Kamandi Phys. Rev. B (2017) 10.1103/physrevb.95.161105

[12]

Enhanced Nonlinear Refractive Index inε-Near-Zero Materials

L. Caspani, R. P. M. Kaipurath, M. Clerici et al.

Physical Review Letters 2016 10.1103/physrevlett.116.233901

[13]

Mitoma Appl. Phys. Lett. (2015) 10.1063/1.4907285

[14]

Tuna J. Phys. D (2010) 10.1088/0022-3727/43/5/055402

[15]

Wang Opt. Mater. Express (2015) 10.1364/ome.5.002415

[16]

Peng Appl. Surf. Sci. (2021) 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148104

[17]

Guo Adv. Mater. (2017) 10.1002/adma.201700754

[18]

Guo Opt. Mater. Express (2017) 10.1364/ome.7.003494

[19]

Zhang Appl. Phys. Express (2019) 10.7567/1882-0786/ab21e3

[20]

Xiao Laser Phys. (2020) 10.1088/1555-6611/ab8125

[21]

Guo Nat. Photonics (2016) 10.1038/nphoton.2016.14

[22]

Alam Science (2016) 10.1126/science.aae0330

[23]

Kinsey Optica (2015) 10.1364/optica.2.000616

[24]

Khurgin Optica (2020) 10.1364/optica.374788

[25]

Lu Photon. Res. (2020) 10.1364/prj.395870

[26]

Liu Photon. Res. (2020) 10.1364/prj.389669

[27]

Feng Opt. Express (2020) 10.1364/oe.380903

[28]

Wei Nanoscale (2016) 10.1039/c5nr08457a

[29]

Gu Nano Lett. (2019) 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04221

[30]

Gao Opt. Commun. (2005) 10.1016/j.optcom.2005.03.003

[31]

Ali J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (2020) 10.1364/josab.396327

[32]

George Opt. Mater. Express (2019) 10.1364/ome.9.003911

[33]

Kinsey Opt. Mater. Express (2015) 10.1364/ome.5.002587

[34]

Elim Appl. Phys. B (2006) 10.1007/s00340-005-2079-8

[35]

Park Appl. Surf. Sci. (2014) 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.042

[36]

Gessert J. Appl. Phys. (2009) 10.1063/1.3116542

[37]

Rodriguez-Sune APL Photon. (2020) 10.1063/1.5129627

[38]

Hu Vacuum (2004) 10.1016/j.vacuum.2004.01.081

[39]

Robusto Phys. Status Solidi A (1990) 10.1002/pssa.2211190118

[40]

Sheikbahae IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1990) 10.1109/3.53394

[41]

Gnoli Opt. Express (2005) 10.1364/opex.13.007976

[42]

Falconieri J. Opt. A (1999) 10.1088/1464-4258/1/6/302

[43]

Clerici Nat. Commun. (2017) 10.1038/ncomms15829

[44]

Conforti Phys. Rev. B (2012) 10.1103/physrevb.85.245423

[45]

Scalora Phys. Rev. A (2020) 10.1103/physreva.101.053828

[46]

de Ceglia Sci. Rep. (2018) 10.1038/s41598-018-27655-z

[47]

Kauranen Nat. Photonics (2012) 10.1038/nphoton.2012.244

[48]

del Coso J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (2004) 10.1364/josab.21.000640

[49]

Boyd Opt. Commun. (2014) 10.1016/j.optcom.2014.03.005

[50]

Smith J. Appl. Phys. (1999) 10.1063/1.371675

Showing 50 of 53 references

Cited By

48

Synergistic enhancement and tunability of nonlinear optical response in ITO thin films via carbon nanotube incorporation

Tingzhen Yan, Chunyan Bai · 2026

Infrared Physics & Technology

Tailoring epsilon-near-zero wavelength and nonlinear absorption properties of CdO thin films by Mo doping

Yi Wu, Ying Wang · 2024

Applied Physics Letters

Manufacturing-Enabled Tunability of Linear and Nonlinear Epsilon-Near-Zero Properties in Indium Tin Oxide Nanofilms

Chenxingyu Huang, Siwei Peng · 2023

ACS Applied Materials & Interfa...

Thickness-dependent nonlinear optical properties of ITO thin films

Fatma Abdel Samad, M. Sh. Abdel-Wahab · 2023

Optical and Quantum Electronics

Metrics

48

Citations

53

References

Details

Published: Apr 15, 2021
Vol/Issue: 9(5)
Pages: 678

Authors

H

Hao Ma