journal article Jan 01, 2013

Nectocaridid ecology, diversity, and affinity: early origin of a cephalopod-like body plan

Abstract
Nectocaridids are soft-bodied early to middle Cambrian organisms known from Burgess Shale-type deposits in Canada, China, and Australia. Originally described as unrelated species, they have recently been interpreted as a clade; their flexible tentacles, camera-type eyes, lateral fins, internal gills, axial cavity, and funnel point to a relationship with the cephalopods. However, aspects of this reinterpretation, including the relevance of the group to cephalopod evolution, have been called into question.

Here, I examine new and existing nectocaridid material, including a large new form that may represent a sexual dimorph of
Nectocaris pteryx
. Differences between existing taxa largely represent taphonomic variation between sites and specimens—which provides further constraint on the organisms' anatomy. I revise the morphology of the tentacles and fins, and describe mouthparts and phosphatized gills for the first time. A mathematical analysis supports the presence of the earliest known camera-type eyes, and fluid mechanical considerations suggest that the funnel is optimized for efficient jet propulsion in a low Reynolds number flow regime.


Nectocaridids closely resemble coleoid cephalopods, but a position deeper within Cephalopoda raises fewer stratigraphic challenges. Whether its coleoid-like construction reflects common ancestry or profound convergence, the
Nectocaris
body plan adds substantially to Cambrian disparity, demonstrating the rapid colonization of nektobenthic niches after the Cambrian explosion.
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
125
[7]
Whittington H. B. 1971. The Burgess Shale: history of research and preservation of fossils. Pp. 1170 1201 in Yochelson E. L. , ed. Proceedings of the North American Paleontological Convention, Chicago, 1969.
[8]
Wells "Jet propulsion and the evolution of the cephalopods" Bulletin of Marine Science (1991)
[11]
Voss "A generic revision of the Cranchiidae (Cephalopoda; Oegopsida)" Bulletin of Marine Science (1980)
[12]
Vogel (1994)
[15]
Vannier (2007)
[16]
Szaniawski "Cambrian chaetognaths recognized in Burgess Shale fossils" Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (2005)
[17]
Strutt "On pin-hole photography" Philosophical Magazine (1891)
[18]
Smith (2012)
[24]
Sasaki (2010)
[26]
Paterson (2008)
[31]
Miklos "Emergence of organizational complexities during metazoan evolution: perspectives from molecular biology, palaeontology and neo-Darwinism" Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists (1993)
[32]
Luo (1999)
[35]
Land (2002)
[37]
Kier "Muscle arrangement, function and specialization in recent coleoids" Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen (2003)
[39]
New reconstruction of Kimberella, problematic Vendian metazoan

A. Yu. Ivantsov

Paleontological Journal 10.1134/s003103010906001x
[46]
Donovan "Two pairs of fins in the Late Jurassic Coleoid Trachyteuthis from southern Germany" Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen (2003)
[48]
Land (1995)

Showing 50 of 125 references

Metrics
24
Citations
125
References
Details
Published
Jan 01, 2013
Vol/Issue
39(2)
Pages
297-321
License
View
Cite This Article
Martin R. Smith (2013). Nectocaridid ecology, diversity, and affinity: early origin of a cephalopod-like body plan. Paleobiology, 39(2), 297-321. https://doi.org/10.1666/12029
Related

You May Also Like

Exaptation—a Missing Term in the Science of Form

Stephen Jay Gould, Elisabeth S. Vrba · 1982

3,360 citations

Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny

Pere Alberch, Stephen Jay Gould · 1979

1,203 citations

Taphonomy and paleobiology

Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Susan M. Kidwell · 2000

514 citations