Recent advances in thyroid eye disease: An overview

Sahil Agrawal; Rajendra Prakash Maurya; Ananya P R; Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir; Virendra Pratap Singh; Deepsekhar Das; Saloni Gupta; Vibha Singh; Meghna Roy

doi:10.18231/j.ijooo.2021.027

journal article Jul 15, 2021

Recent advances in thyroid eye disease: An overview

Sahil Agrawal

Rajendra Prakash Maurya

Ananya P R Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir

Virendra Pratap Singh Deepsekhar Das

Saloni Gupta Vibha Singh Meghna Roy

IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty Vol. 7 No. 2 pp. 117-130 · IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd

View at Publisher Save 10.18231/j.ijooo.2021.027

Abstract

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a chronic debilitating condition which causes physical discomfort, oculo-facial disfigurement and compromised visual function. Around 25% of people with Graves’ hyperthyroidism are affected by TED, where 1 in 20 patients might report with moderate-to-severe, active disease that will require medical management for reducing both TED activity and severity. The mainstay of medical management involves intravenous corticosteroids for active moderate-to-severe TED. After accurate understanding of the mechanism and pathophysiology of this disease, investigations and randomized clinical trials have been conducted. The role of immunotherapy targeting and influencing different biomolecular pathways including that of T cells, B cells, cytokines and cell surface receptors have been investigated in various randomized clinical trials. This review article addresses the epidemiology, associated risk factors, recent advances in pathophysiology, newer diagnostic tools and current management options available for TED which include the use of immunosuppressive drugs like rituximab (RTX), tocilizumab, infliximab (IFX), etanercept ( ETN) and teprotumumab etc.

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Details

Published: Jul 15, 2021
Vol/Issue: 7(2)
Pages: 117-130

Authors

S

Sahil Agrawal

Oculoplasty & Oncology Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

R

Rajendra Prakash Maurya

Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

A

Ananya P R

e

S

Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir

V

Virendra Pratap Singh

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.G. Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

M

Meghna Roy

Cite This Article

Sahil Agrawal, Rajendra Prakash Maurya, Ananya P R, et al. (2021). Recent advances in thyroid eye disease: An overview. IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty, 7(2), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2021.027

Recent advances in thyroid eye disease: An overview

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