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Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girlss Childhood

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References
51
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Lori Guevara "To date, only a few studies examine the influence of both race and gender on juvenile court outcomes" femiNist CrimiNology (2006)
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See Jamilia The Role of Colorism in Explaining Afr. Am. Females' Suspension Risk, 32 sCh (2017)
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See Sandra Graham & Brian Priming Unconscious Racial Stereotypes about Adolescent Offenders, 28 L. & hum. behav (2004)
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See Linda Burton Childhood Adultification in Economically Disadvantaged Families: A Conceptual Model, 56 family rel (2007) 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00463.x
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See Id
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J Jamilia "Challenging Middle-Class Notions of Femininity: The Cause of Black Females' Disproportionate Suspension Rates" ClosiNg the sChool disCipliNe gap: equitable remedies for exCessive exClusioN (2015)
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Morris 502-03; morris, supra note 30, at 129 (discussing critiques of media representations of Black girls, which "reflect fantasy, which often reduces Black femininity to the size of her backside-and how fast or forcefully she can make it gyrate
[25]
"Muhammed and McArthur define the hypersexualization of Black women and girls "as others in society's attribution of sex as a part of the 'natural' role of Black women and girls" Styled by Their Perceptions": Black Adolescent Girls Interpret Representations of Black Females in Popular Culture, 17 multiCultural persp (2013)
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See Connie Wun Against Captivity: Black Girls & Sch. Discipline Policies in the Afterlife of Slavery, 30 eduC (2015)
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; Morris
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A Subini Black Girls & School Discipline: The Complexities of Being Overrepresented & Understudied, 22 urb (2016)
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See Blake 10.1111/dgd.12079
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Annamma Race, Gender, & the School-toPrison Pipeline: Expanding Our Discussion to Include Black Girls, afriCaN-am. pol'y forum (2012)
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Morris
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Annamma Civil rights data ColleCtioN data sNapshot: sChool disCipliNe (2014) 10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4679-2014003
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Blake blaCk girls matter: pushed out, overpoliCed, & uNderproteCted (2015). For more on subjective infractions
[36]
W Edward The Punishment Gap: Sch. Suspension & Racial Disparities in Achievement, 63 soC (2016)
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Annamma In determining third-degree assault, the actor must be found to meet the legal standard of "recklessness
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Id
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See Kathryn From the Sch. Yard to the Squad Car: Sch. Discipline, Truancy, & Arrest, j. youth & adolesCeNCe (2014)
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Daniel J. Losen the Civil rights projeCt, out of sChool & off traCk: the overuse of suspeNsioNs iN ameriCaN middle & high sChools 20 (2013)
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"Although defense attorneys are often left out of analyses of potential bias in the juvenile justice system, they are not immune from making assumptions and stereotypes about their clients' likely guilt or innocence, and should be a part of any conversation about equitable treatment of juveniles" Kristin Henning, Director, Georgetown Juv. Just. Clinic & Initiative, Address at The Right to Remain Children Conference: The Reasonable Black Child (2017)
[47]
Black girls represent 31% of girls referred to law enforcement by school officials and 43% of those arrested on school grounds, yet only constitute 17% of the overall student population (2014)
[48]
Kim Taylor Thompson "citing American Bar Association & National Bar Association, Justice by Gender: The Lack of Appropriate Prevention, Diversion and Treatment Alternatives for Girls in the Justice System" Girl Talk-Examining Racial & Gender Justice in Juv. Just (2002)
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See Performance Measures, off. of juv. just. & deliNq. preveNtioN, u.s. dep't. of just (2017)
[50]
Ocen at 1634 (citing Meda Chesney-Lind, Jailing "Bad" Girls: Girls' Violence & Trends in Female Incarceration, in fightiNg for girls: NeW persps. oN geNder & violeNCe (2010)

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Published
Jan 01, 2017
Cite This Article
Rebecca Epstein, Jamilia Blake, Thalia Gonzzlez (2017). Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girlss Childhood. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3000695
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