journal article Sep 05, 2025

What Survivors of Sexual Violence Want When Disclosing Their Experiences in Person or Online: Qualitative Interview Analysis

Abstract
Background
Survivors of sexual victimization face a critical juncture when disclosing their experiences. How others react to their disclosure can significantly influence survivors’ psychological well-being.


Objective
We aimed to address how survivors of sexual victimization would like to be supported when disclosing their experiences either in person or online.


Methods
We conducted qualitative interviews with 51 participants who had experienced sexual victimization and disclosed their experiences either in person or online. Thematic analysis was applied to identify survivors’ perceptions of ideal and unhelpful responses to their disclosures in both in-person interactions and online environments.


Results
When disclosing in person, survivors reported seeking acknowledgment, reassurance of support, and relief from self-blame. Survivors also preferred not to receive highly emotional reactions, unsolicited advice, or expressions of pity. Mutual disclosure was seen as validating and helpful by some, whereas others found it to be problematic, as it may diminish the courage it took for them to share their experiences. When disclosing online, survivors generally reported finding mutual disclosure helpful, as it fostered a sense of solidarity. Ideal responses to online disclosures included private messages of support and emotional support. However, judgment and probing for details were considered unsupportive reactions to online disclosure.


Conclusions
Given that face-to-face interactions vary widely from the way in which we interact with others online, it follows that the way in which survivors seek to gain support from others varies across these 2 contexts. The findings of this study underscore the need for interventions aimed at educating individuals on how to provide support to survivors of sexual victimization, both in person and online.
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
52
[1]
SmithSGZhangXBasileKCMerrickMTWangJKresnowMChenJThe national intimate partner and sexual violence survey : 2015 data brief – updated releaseNational Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2018112025-08-19https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/60893
[16]
SayejNAlyssa Milano on the #MeToo movement: 'we're not going to stand for it any more'The Guardian20171212025-08-19https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/dec/01/alyssa-milano-mee-too-sexual-harassment-abuse
[21]
Bogen, KW Resistance & Recovery in the #MeToo era, Volume I (2024)
[26]
Reasons for and Experiences of Sexual Assault Nondisclosure in a Diverse Community Sample

SARAH E. ULLMAN, Erin O’Callaghan, Veronica Shepp et al.

Journal of Family Violence 10.1007/s10896-020-00141-9
[29]
UllmanSETalking about sexual assault: society’s response to survivors, second editionAmerican Psychological Association20232025-08-19https://www.apa.org/pubs/books/3836312-sample-pages.pdf
[34]
Reactions to and Impact of Survivor Online Disclosures: A Qualitative Analysis

Molly C. Driessen, Prachi H. Bhuptani, Reina Kiefer et al.

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 10.1080/10538712.2024.2428287
[36]
How Many Interviews Are Enough?

Greg Guest, Arwen Bunce, Laura Johnson

Field Methods 10.1177/1525822x05279903
[37]
Code Saturation Versus Meaning Saturation

Monique M. Hennink, Bonnie N. Kaiser, Vincent C. Marconi

Qualitative Health Research 10.1177/1049732316665344
[38]
Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization

Benjamin Saunders, Julius Sim, Tom Kingstone et al.

Quality & Quantity 10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8
[39]
Guest, G Applied Thematic Analysis (2012) 10.4135/9781483384436
[40]
NVivo 8QSR International20082025-08-19https://download.qsrinternational.com/Document/NVivo8/NVivo8-Getting-Started-Guide.pdf
[44]
Bhuptani, PH Handbook of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Prevention (2019) 10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_18
[48]
McWanBTrolling of# MeToo: audiences' perceptionsBowling Green State University202242025-08-19https://tinyurl.com/52a8dn8x
[49]
Onwuachi-Willig, A Yale Law J (2018)
[50]
BedrosianAWrite, tweet, march: how Argentina’s NiUnaMenos employed discourse in digital and physical spaces to reach the massesThe University of North Carolina at Greensboro20192025-08-16https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Bedrosian_uncg_0154M_12938.pdf

Showing 50 of 52 references

Metrics
2
Citations
52
References
Details
Published
Sep 05, 2025
Vol/Issue
27
Pages
e73497
Cite This Article
Elizabeth D Mayer, Roselyn Peterson, Ellie Kim, et al. (2025). What Survivors of Sexual Violence Want When Disclosing Their Experiences in Person or Online: Qualitative Interview Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e73497. https://doi.org/10.2196/73497