Comparative efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate and clove oil for use as anesthetics in red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus)
Objective—To compare the anesthetic efficacy and
physiologic changes associated with exposure to tricaine
methanesulfonate and clove oil (100%
eugenol).
Animals—15 adult cultured red pacu (Piaractus
brachypomus).
Procedure—Fish were exposed to each of 6 anesthetic
concentrations in a within-subjects complete
crossover design. Stages of anesthesia and recovery
were measured, and physiologic data were collected
before and during anesthesia.
Results—Interval to induction was more rapid and
recovery more prolonged in fish exposed to eugenol,
compared with those exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate.
The margin of safety for eugenol was narrow,
because at the highest concentration, most fish
required resuscitation. Mixed venous-arterial PO2 consistently
decreased with anesthesia, while PCO2 consistently
increased with anesthesia in all fish regardless
of anesthetic agent. The increase in PCO2 was
accompanied by a decrease in pH, presumably secondary
to respiratory acidosis. Anesthesia was associated
with increased blood glucose, potassium, and
sodium concentrations as well as Hct and hemoglobin.
Fish anesthetized with eugenol were more likely
to react to a hypodermic needle puncture than fish
anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Anesthesia
induced with tricaine methanesulfonate or eugenol
contributes to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, respiratory
acidosis, and hyperglycemia in red pacu. Similar to tricaine
methanesulfonate, eugenol appears to be an
effective immobilization compound, but eugenol is
characterized by more rapid induction, prolonged
recovery, and a narrow margin of safety. Care must
be taken when using high concentrations of eugenol
for induction, because ventilatory failure may occur
rapidly. In addition, analgesic properties of eugenol
are unknown. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:337–342)
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- Published
- Mar 01, 2001
- Vol/Issue
- 62(3)
- Pages
- 337-342
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